發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-12 15:27

【摘要】：隨著人口老齡化趨勢(shì)的日趨嚴(yán)重，傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老功能的不完善，社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系中養(yǎng)老金缺口的不斷增大，使得傳統(tǒng)單一的養(yǎng)老模式難以繼續(xù)實(shí)施下去。因此，探索新型的養(yǎng)老模式就顯得十分重要且意義重大。 當(dāng)前，我國(guó)的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基本可以分為三個(gè)部分，第一部分是政府支持的養(yǎng)老金模式，由政府負(fù)責(zé)且強(qiáng)制實(shí)施，然而這一部分隨著規(guī)模的增加對(duì)政府財(cái)政的壓力越來(lái)越大；第二部分是企業(yè)年金的形式存在的養(yǎng)老金，，但是非強(qiáng)制性的，企業(yè)可以自主選擇交或是不交；一般情況下，只有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較好的企業(yè)會(huì)參加該養(yǎng)老金模式，但覆蓋面較低；第三部分是由個(gè)人的儲(chǔ)蓄資金進(jìn)行養(yǎng)老，一般通過(guò)購(gòu)買商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，這一養(yǎng)老模式對(duì)個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和水平要求較高。 目前，我國(guó)覆蓋面積最廣的養(yǎng)老模式，主要是政府支持的養(yǎng)老金模式。隨著政府養(yǎng)老金缺口的逐漸增大，這一模式的前景十分令人堪憂。因此，當(dāng)前一種新的養(yǎng)老金來(lái)源方式“以房養(yǎng)老”逐漸成為研究的熱點(diǎn)�！耙苑筐B(yǎng)老”屬于養(yǎng)老模式的第三部分，即個(gè)人養(yǎng)老方式，尤其是適應(yīng)那些現(xiàn)金支付能力較弱且有房產(chǎn)的低收入群體，進(jìn)而提高個(gè)人養(yǎng)老在整個(gè)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系中的比重，促進(jìn)我國(guó)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng)的健康運(yùn)行。 “以房養(yǎng)老”模式的出現(xiàn)，增加了老人退休以后養(yǎng)老方式的選擇性，如老人可以選擇繼續(xù)在家養(yǎng)老，或者進(jìn)入養(yǎng)老院養(yǎng)老。目前市場(chǎng)上的養(yǎng)老院往往收費(fèi)較高，僅憑老年人的退休金難以支撐這些費(fèi)用，如果通過(guò)“以房養(yǎng)老”的模式，就可以很好的解決這一問(wèn)題。即使老人選擇在家養(yǎng)老，在可以繼續(xù)居住的前提下，提前兌現(xiàn)其所住房屋的價(jià)值，改善其目前的生活，提高生活質(zhì)量。國(guó)外的現(xiàn)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)也驗(yàn)證了“以房養(yǎng)老”的模式確實(shí)能夠顯著改善晚年收入較低、生活貧困的老年人的生活質(zhì)量，能夠有效地改善他們的生活水平，更好享受生活。 本文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)綜述的整理以及比較國(guó)外“以房養(yǎng)老”實(shí)施成功與失敗的事實(shí)來(lái)探索我國(guó)推行以房養(yǎng)老所需要具備的條件。希望能夠?yàn)楦嗟睦先诉x擇合適的養(yǎng)老模式提供借鑒和參考，改善當(dāng)前日趨嚴(yán)峻的養(yǎng)老狀況。
[Abstract]:With the increasing trend of population aging, the imperfection of the traditional family pension function and the increasing gap of pension in the social endowment insurance system, it is difficult for the traditional single old-age model to continue to be implemented. Therefore, it is very important and significant to explore the new old-age mode. At present, the pension insurance in our country can be divided into three parts basically. The first part is the pension model supported by the government, which is responsible for and enforced by the government. However, with the increase of scale, the pressure on the government finance is increasing. The second part is the pension in the form of enterprise annuity, but non-mandatory, enterprises can choose to pay or not; in general, only the enterprises with better economic benefits will participate in the pension model, but the coverage is low; The third part is the personal savings funds for the old-age, generally through the purchase of commercial insurance way, this old-age model to the individual economic base and level of higher requirements. At present, the most widely covered pension model in China is the pension model supported by the government. As the gap in government pensions grows, the prospects for this model are worrying. Therefore, a new pension source, housing-based pension, has gradually become a research hotspot. "Building for the aged" belongs to the third part of the old-age model, that is, the individual pension mode, especially for those low-income groups with weak cash payment ability and real estate, so as to improve the proportion of individual old-age support in the whole old-age insurance system. To promote the healthy operation of the old-age insurance system in China. The appearance of "old-age-by-house" mode increases the selectivity of old-age after retirement, such as the elderly can choose to continue to provide for the elderly at home, or into a nursing home for the elderly. At present, the charge of the nursing home in the market is high, and it is difficult to support these expenses by the pension of the elderly. If we adopt the mode of "old-age by house", we can solve this problem very well. Even if the elderly choose to live at home, under the premise that they can continue to live, they can realize the value of their housing in advance, improve their current life, and improve the quality of life. The existing experience abroad has also proved that the model of "providing for the aged by housing" can significantly improve the quality of life of the elderly who live in poverty and lower income in their old age, and can effectively improve their living standards and enjoy their lives better. This article through the literature review and compares the foreign "housing old-age support" implementation success and failure facts to explore our country to carry out the housing-based pension needs to have the conditions. It is hoped that it can provide reference and reference for more and more elderly people to choose suitable old-age mode, and improve the current increasingly severe old-age situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6;F299.23

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