【摘要】：我國(guó)外貿(mào)戰(zhàn)略正處于轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,貿(mào)易發(fā)展的目標(biāo)已不僅僅是單純的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng),出口結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量升級(jí)逐漸成為外貿(mào)戰(zhàn)略的重心。異質(zhì)性貿(mào)易理論提出以來(lái),著眼于二元邊際(擴(kuò)展邊際和集約邊際)的出口轉(zhuǎn)型戰(zhàn)略研究成為了學(xué)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。擴(kuò)展邊際(extensive margin)是指由出口產(chǎn)品種類(lèi)和出口市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng),而集約邊際(intensive margin)則是原有產(chǎn)品對(duì)原有市場(chǎng)出口帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng)。 本文以二元邊際為切入點(diǎn),研究了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)我國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)及其結(jié)構(gòu)變化的影響。首先,本文通過(guò)理論分析闡釋了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)二元邊際的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制;并在Chaney異質(zhì)性企業(yè)理論框架下,通過(guò)數(shù)理模型刻畫(huà)了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)二元邊際的作用；在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用UN Comtrade的HS六位碼貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),從制造業(yè)整體行業(yè)、分類(lèi)行業(yè)和區(qū)分創(chuàng)新類(lèi)型的分類(lèi)行業(yè)三個(gè)層面實(shí)證研究了創(chuàng)新對(duì)二元邊際的影響。最后,根據(jù)本文的主要結(jié)論提出相應(yīng)政策建議。本文理論上的邊際創(chuàng)新和主要實(shí)證結(jié)果如下： (1)本文在Chaney的異質(zhì)性理論框架下,引入技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量?jī)蓚�(gè)變量,通過(guò)刻畫(huà)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)企業(yè)邊際成本分布函數(shù)、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)品種類(lèi)三方面的影響途徑,推導(dǎo)出技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)二元邊際的作用機(jī)制。 (2)以研發(fā)支出衡量技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,利用2003～2010年我國(guó)制造業(yè)整體行業(yè)層面的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能夠顯著促進(jìn)出口沿?cái)U(kuò)展邊際和集約邊際的增長(zhǎng),但對(duì)擴(kuò)展邊際的影響強(qiáng)于集約邊際。相較于集約邊際,擴(kuò)展邊際對(duì)貿(mào)易成本的彈性更大,對(duì)外生經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊的抵抗力更強(qiáng)。 (3)進(jìn)一步將制造業(yè)劃分為勞動(dòng)密集型和資本密集型兩大類(lèi)行業(yè),分類(lèi)回歸結(jié)果表明,技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在兩類(lèi)行業(yè)中皆對(duì)擴(kuò)展邊際有顯著促進(jìn)作用,但對(duì)集約邊際的影響僅在勞動(dòng)密集型行業(yè)中顯著。勞動(dòng)密集型行業(yè)中,技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)集約邊際的影響強(qiáng)于擴(kuò)展邊際,而資本密集型行業(yè)中,創(chuàng)新主要推動(dòng)出口沿?cái)U(kuò)展邊際的增長(zhǎng)。 (4)以發(fā)明專(zhuān)利衡量產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新、以實(shí)用新型和外觀衡量工藝創(chuàng)新,對(duì)制造業(yè)兩大類(lèi)行業(yè)的實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在勞動(dòng)密集型行業(yè)中,產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新對(duì)集約邊際的影響強(qiáng)于擴(kuò)展邊際,工藝創(chuàng)新對(duì)擴(kuò)展邊際的影響強(qiáng)于集約邊際；在資本密集型行業(yè)中,產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新對(duì)擴(kuò)展邊際的影響強(qiáng)于集約邊際,而工藝創(chuàng)新主要作用于集約邊際。
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade strategy is in the critical period of transformation and upgrading. The goal of trade development is not only the simple quantity growth, the optimization of export structure, the upgrading of product quality has gradually become the focus of foreign trade strategy. Since the theory of heterogeneous trade was put forward, the research on export transition strategy focusing on the binary marginal (expanded marginal and intensive marginal) has become the focus of attention in the academic field. The expanded marginal (extensive margin) refers to the export growth caused by the export product category and the expansion of the export market, while the intensive marginal (intensive margin) is the export growth caused by the export of the original product to the original market. In this paper, the influence of technological innovation on export growth and its structural changes in China is studied by taking binary marginal as the starting point. Firstly, this paper explains the transmission mechanism of technological innovation to binary margin through theoretical analysis, and describes the effect of technological innovation on binary marginal by mathematical model under the framework of Chaney heterogeneous enterprise theory. On this basis, using UN Comtrade's HS six-bit trade data, this paper empirically studies the impact of innovation on the binary margin from three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industry and classified industry that distinguishes innovation types from the three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industries and classified industries that distinguish innovation types. Finally, according to the main conclusions of this paper, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward. The theoretical marginal innovation and the main empirical results are as follows: (1) under the framework of Chaney's heterogeneity theory, this paper introduces two variables, technical innovation and product quality, and describes the marginal cost distribution function of technological innovation to enterprises. The influence ways of product quality and product type are discussed, and the mechanism of technological innovation on binary marginal is deduced. (2) taking R & D expenditure as a measure of technological innovation, using the data from 2003 to 2010 on the whole industry level of China's manufacturing industry, empirical research shows that technological innovation can significantly promote the growth of export growth along the expansion margin and the intensive margin. However, the influence on the extension margin is stronger than that on the intensive margin. The expansion margin is more resilient to the cost of trade and more resistant to external economic shocks than the intensive margin. (3) the manufacturing industry is further divided into labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The results of classification and regression show that technological innovation plays a significant role in promoting the expansion margin in both industries. However, the impact on the intensive margin is only significant in labor-intensive industries. In labor-intensive industries, the impact of technological innovation on intensive margin is stronger than that of expansion margin, while in capital-intensive industry, innovation mainly promotes the growth of export along the expansion margin. (4) using invention patent to measure product innovation, using utility model and appearance to measure process innovation, the empirical study of manufacturing industry shows that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin, and it is found that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin. The influence of process innovation on the expansion margin is stronger than that of the intensive margin. In capital-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on expansion margin than intensive margin, while process innovation plays a major role in intensive margin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F752.62;F124.3

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