【摘要】：中等收入群體是“橄欖型”社會(huì)最重要的組成部分,在一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中起到“穩(wěn)定器”和“推進(jìn)器”的作用,是拉動(dòng)內(nèi)需最強(qiáng)有力的力量。在我國(guó)“金字塔型”社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中,中低收入群體是社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的主體,高收入和低收入群體在資源稟賦及初始條件方面的差異,進(jìn)一步拉大了社會(huì)收入差距,并導(dǎo)致中等收入群體規(guī)模不斷縮小。 本文選取群體規(guī)模變動(dòng)、收入結(jié)構(gòu)、住房支出、教育支出四個(gè)指標(biāo)來研究我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)中等收入群體的生存現(xiàn)狀。住房和教育是家庭的剛性需求,住房和教育消費(fèi)占家庭收入的比重大小,反映中等收入家庭的消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理,能否保持較高的生活質(zhì)量；收入結(jié)構(gòu)中固定收入比重大小反映中等收入家庭對(duì)抗通貨膨脹的能力；中等收入群體規(guī)模反映社會(huì)收入分配狀況,也從側(cè)面反映了中等收入群體的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和生存壓力。對(duì)這四個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,能夠比較全面的反映中等收入群體的生存現(xiàn)狀。從而為擴(kuò)大中等收入群體比重、提高中等收入群體生活質(zhì)量,提供了有效參考。 本文采用收入法對(duì)中等收入群體進(jìn)行測(cè)算,以社會(huì)平均收入及其自身的兩倍作為界定中等收入群體收入的下限和上限,通過對(duì)2004年至2011年中等收入戶城鎮(zhèn)居民收支數(shù)據(jù)的靜態(tài)分析和動(dòng)態(tài)分析,分析我國(guó)中等收入群體規(guī)模的變動(dòng)趨勢(shì),研究結(jié)果表明,隨著高收入的持續(xù)增高,以及社會(huì)收入差距的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)中等收入群體的規(guī)模是不斷縮小的。通過對(duì)居民收入結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)中等收入群體的收入主要來源于固定收入,對(duì)抗通貨膨脹的能力小。再以上海為例,通過對(duì)上海城鎮(zhèn)居民家庭收入、住房?jī)r(jià)格、教育費(fèi)用的比較和分析,得出上海的中等收入群體在住房和教育方面承受著巨大的壓力。由于上海代表了我國(guó)住房?jī)r(jià)格的最高水平,居民承受的住房壓力不代表全國(guó)平均水平,但中等收入群體的分布也呈現(xiàn)區(qū)域性,與其他城市和區(qū)域相比,上海的中等收入群體規(guī)模大,平均收入水平高,因此以上海作為例證,有一定合理性。 最后本文從縮小收入差距、改善收入結(jié)構(gòu)、抑制房?jī)r(jià)、增加教育投入等角度,對(duì)擴(kuò)大中等收入群體規(guī)模、提高中等收入群體生活質(zhì)量提出建議。
[Abstract]:Middle-income group is the most important part of "olive" society. It plays the role of "stabilizer" and "thruster" in a country's economic development, and is the most powerful force to stimulate domestic demand. In our country's "pyramid" social structure, the low-and middle-income group is the main body of the social structure, and the difference between the high-income group and the low-income group in terms of resource endowment and initial conditions has further widened the social income gap. And lead to the size of the middle-income group continues to shrink. In this paper, we choose four indexes of group size change, income structure, housing expenditure and education expenditure to study the survival status of middle-income groups in cities and towns of our country. Housing and education are the rigid needs of families. The proportion of consumption of housing and education in household income reflects whether the consumption structure of middle-income families is reasonable and whether they can maintain a higher quality of life. The proportion of fixed income in the income structure reflects the ability of middle-income families to fight inflation, and the size of middle-income groups reflects the distribution of social income, as well as the economic situation and survival pressure of middle-income groups. The analysis of these four indicators can reflect the survival status of middle-income groups in an all-round way. Thus, it provides an effective reference for enlarging the proportion of middle-income group and improving the quality of life of middle-income group. This article uses the income method to measure the middle-income group, taking the social average income and its own double as the lower and upper limit of the middle-income group's income. Through the static analysis and dynamic analysis of the income and expenditure data of middle-income urban residents from 2004 to 2011, this paper analyzes the changing trend of the middle-income group in China. The results show that with the continuous increase of high income, As well as the further expansion of the social income gap, the scale of middle-income groups in cities and towns in China is constantly shrinking. Through the analysis of residents' income structure, it is found that the income of urban middle-income group mainly comes from fixed income, and the ability to fight inflation is small. Taking Shanghai as an example, through the comparison and analysis of the household income, housing price and education cost of the urban residents in Shanghai, it is concluded that the middle-income group in Shanghai is under great pressure in housing and education. Since Shanghai represents the highest level of housing prices in China, the housing pressure borne by residents does not represent the national average level, but the distribution of middle-income groups is also regional, compared with other cities and regions. Shanghai's middle-income group is large in size and its average income level is high, so it is reasonable to take Shanghai as an example. Finally, from the angles of narrowing the income gap, improving the income structure, restraining the house price and increasing the investment in education, this paper puts forward some suggestions on enlarging the scale of the middle-income group and improving the quality of life of the middle-income group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7

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