【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的進(jìn)一步加快,如何使得國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)安全發(fā)展、可持續(xù)發(fā)展這一問題逐步被提上議程。我國(guó)多年來的貿(mào)易順差,使得其他國(guó)家對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭心存疑慮,導(dǎo)致最近幾年貿(mào)易摩擦頻發(fā)。國(guó)內(nèi)方面,勞動(dòng)力成本上漲、國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)資本相對(duì)剩余的態(tài)勢(shì)迫使我國(guó)需要尋找新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。在國(guó)際政治環(huán)境相對(duì)平穩(wěn)、我國(guó)綜合影響力日益擴(kuò)大的局勢(shì)之下,國(guó)家提出了發(fā)展境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)的議程。中國(guó)對(duì)外投資的歷史可以追溯到上世紀(jì)70年代末80年代初,當(dāng)時(shí)的投資方式多為在國(guó)家指導(dǎo)下,國(guó)企為方便業(yè)務(wù)在國(guó)外建立代表處和分支機(jī)構(gòu)。相較于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)百年的對(duì)外投資歷史而言,中國(guó)的對(duì)外投資史是很短暫的。但縱向參照我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平來看,我國(guó)對(duì)外投資的發(fā)展可謂突飛猛進(jìn)。上世紀(jì)90年代隨著我國(guó)改革開放的深化,我國(guó)在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的參與度大幅提高,對(duì)外投資的形式也趨于多樣化。境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)的雛形就始于這一時(shí)期。而我國(guó)對(duì)外投資的黃金時(shí)代始于21世紀(jì)初,隨著2004年《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于投資體制改革的決定》的頒布,我國(guó)的投資體系與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的契合程度越來越高。隨后出臺(tái)的一系列法律法規(guī)更是為我國(guó)的國(guó)際投資提供了規(guī)范的路徑,使我國(guó)國(guó)際投資在發(fā)展迅速的同時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)也愈加完善。境外經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū)這一投資理念也逐漸進(jìn)入了我國(guó)整體對(duì)外投資戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的視線。我國(guó)建立境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)的實(shí)踐始于2006年。作為一項(xiàng)前所未有的創(chuàng)舉,這一形式迅速在世界各地得到了推行。政府的統(tǒng)籌指導(dǎo)與企業(yè)的自主經(jīng)營(yíng)相結(jié)合,既滿足了企業(yè)減免稅收、創(chuàng)造更多利益和開拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的需求,也成為了我國(guó)”走出去”戰(zhàn)略的一個(gè)重要組成部分。境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)由于其特殊的性質(zhì),不僅僅需要企業(yè)本身的努力,更需要我國(guó)在對(duì)國(guó)際關(guān)系大環(huán)境的分析中來獲得更多資訊。從國(guó)際關(guān)系這個(gè)學(xué)科大框架下來看,我國(guó)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)的建設(shè)為主權(quán)國(guó)家和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)這兩個(gè)本質(zhì)上相互矛盾的概念提供了一種新的共贏方式。它不僅僅是對(duì)國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)主流理論的一種實(shí)踐,更是對(duì)霸權(quán)穩(wěn)定論等不夠全面客觀的理論作出了反駁。研究我國(guó)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)的運(yùn)營(yíng)現(xiàn)狀和戰(zhàn)略方針對(duì)于如何更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)開拓進(jìn)取的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)和履行我國(guó)睦鄰友好和平共處外交政策有著非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。建立境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)可以充分利用我國(guó)的巨額外匯儲(chǔ)備,通過投資來幫助東道國(guó)塑造更加開放的經(jīng)濟(jì)體,促進(jìn)東道國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)自由化、經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)際化,對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)具有良好的效應(yīng)。同時(shí)以境外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作區(qū)為載體的資金引入方式會(huì)給東道國(guó)帶來先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和管理水平,對(duì)提高東道國(guó)的整體產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平具有非常大的幫扶作用。最直接的效應(yīng)就為東道國(guó)解決了部分就業(yè)問題,又增加了其財(cái)政收入。我國(guó)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū)在全球的布局主要還是在周邊國(guó)家和亞非拉發(fā)展中國(guó)家,雖然為一些高能耗高成本的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)重新注入了活力,但并未從根本上解決這些行業(yè)的困境。目前我國(guó)只有極少數(shù)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū)位于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,在這些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家布局經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū)的困難更大,成本更高,然而可以從中學(xué)習(xí)到的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)也更有價(jià)值,為我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新尋找到更多的突破點(diǎn)。我國(guó)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)雖然整體發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好,但仍存在許多亟待解決的問題。近年來,國(guó)際輿論也對(duì)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)的建設(shè)唱起了反調(diào),質(zhì)疑其發(fā)展成效,以西方戰(zhàn)略意圖來惡意推斷我國(guó)發(fā)展境外經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū)的目的,認(rèn)為我國(guó)是為了在政治上加強(qiáng)對(duì)東道國(guó)的控制。這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因既有宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響、政策機(jī)制的不足,也有企業(yè)本身內(nèi)部運(yùn)營(yíng)方式的缺陷。進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)這一新型對(duì)外投資方式的健康成長(zhǎng)既需要自上而下的政府指導(dǎo),也需要自下而上的企業(yè)自身的努力,更需要我國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)上塑造更好的國(guó)家形象。只有多方面相配合,創(chuàng)造良好的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境才能使境外經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū)獲得更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的利益,為我國(guó)對(duì)外的投資創(chuàng)造更多的價(jià)值,從而促進(jìn)整體經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the further acceleration of the global economic integration process, the issue of how to make the national economic security development, sustainable development is gradually put on the agenda. China's trade surplus for many years has made other countries have doubts about the economic development of our country, resulting in frequent trade friction in recent years. On the domestic side, the labor cost is rising, and the relative surplus of domestic economic capital has forced our country to find a new economic growth point. Under the situation of the relatively stable international political environment and the increasing comprehensive influence of our country, the state has put forward the agenda for the development of the region of economic and trade cooperation. The history of foreign investment in China can be traced back to the beginning of the late 1970s and at the beginning of the 1980s, when the mode of investment was mostly under the guidance of the State, state-owned enterprises set up representative offices and branches abroad for the convenience of the business. China's foreign investment history is very brief for the long-term investment history of the developed countries for hundreds of years. But in the light of the economic level of our country, the development of foreign investment in our country is very rapid. With the deepening of the reform and opening-up of our country in the 1990s, the participation of our country in the international market is greatly improved, and the form of foreign investment also tends to be diversified. The embryonic form of the regional economic and trade cooperation zone began in this period. The golden age of foreign investment in our country began in the beginning of the 21st century, and with the promulgation of the Decision of the State Council on the Reform of the Investment System in 2004, the degree of engagement between our country's investment system and the international economic and social economy is getting higher and higher. The following series of laws and regulations provide a standard path for the international investment of our country, so that the international investment of our country is developing rapidly and its structure is becoming more and more perfect. The concept of the investment in the economic and trade region of the region has also gradually entered the line of sight of the overall strategic planning of foreign investment in China. The practice of the establishment of the economic and trade cooperation area in China began in 2006. As an unprecedented initiative, this form has been implemented rapidly around the world. The integrated guidance of the government and the independent operation of the enterprise both meet the demand of the enterprise to reduce the tax, create more benefits and develop the international market, and also become an important part of our 鈥滸et out of here.鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2397221