【摘要】：本文運(yùn)用最新的中國(guó)綜合社會(huì)調(diào)查(CGSS)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)中國(guó)機(jī)會(huì)不均等程度進(jìn)行了定量分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)由機(jī)會(huì)不均等導(dǎo)致的收入差距占總的收入差距27%以上。這一比例與世界上不平等程度最高的拉美地區(qū)類似。對(duì)于低學(xué)歷的人群來(lái)說(shuō),機(jī)會(huì)不均等程度更高。在定量測(cè)量中國(guó)機(jī)會(huì)不均等程度的基礎(chǔ)上,本文運(yùn)用實(shí)證分析的方法驗(yàn)證了三個(gè)假設(shè):勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)歧視、教育代際固化以及家庭背景的影響。實(shí)證結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),這三種渠道都是中國(guó)機(jī)會(huì)不均等的重要因素。鑒于此,文章提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議,包括通過立法消除勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)歧視、促進(jìn)公共教育資源的均等化、通過反腐敗等手段規(guī)范高收入部門的用人機(jī)制以及通過稅收和轉(zhuǎn)移支付的方式消除外在環(huán)境差異帶來(lái)的收入差距等。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a quantitative analysis of the degree of inequality of opportunity in China by using the latest (CGSS) data of China Comprehensive Social Survey. It is found that the income gap caused by unequal opportunities accounts for more than 27% of the total income gap. This is similar to Latin America, the region with the highest levels of inequality in the world. For people with low academic qualifications, the degree of inequality of opportunities is higher. On the basis of quantitative measurement of the degree of unequal opportunities in China, this paper uses empirical analysis to verify three hypotheses: discrimination in the labor market, intergenerational education and the influence of family background. Empirical results show that these three channels are important factors of unequal opportunities in China. In view of this, the article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations, including the adoption of legislation to eliminate discrimination in the labour market and to promote equalization of public education resources. Through anti-corruption and other means to regulate the employment mechanism in high-income sectors and to eliminate the income gap caused by external environmental differences through taxation and transfer payment.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“中國(guó)收入差距分析的新視角:機(jī)會(huì)不均等與收入不平等”(71403281) 教育部2011中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項(xiàng)目“認(rèn)識(shí)、適應(yīng)和引領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)研究” 教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地中國(guó)人民大學(xué)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革與發(fā)展研究院項(xiàng)目“中國(guó)的社會(huì)救助體系研究”(14JJD790033)
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
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本文編號(hào)：2389589