【摘要】：代表性家庭在既定的收入或財富約束下，尋求各種商品的最優(yōu)配置以實現(xiàn)主流經(jīng)濟學中所定義的效用最大化，這是現(xiàn)代消費理論研究的一個基本框架，其中隱含的一個假定是所有商品和服務的消費量同時決定。顯然，這一假定不符合中國家庭消費決策的特征。事實上，節(jié)儉和樂于儲蓄是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德，家庭總是在滿足了日常生活所需的消費之后，將收入中剩下的部分儲蓄起來，以應付各種可以預見或不可預見的大額支出，例如買房、重大疾病的醫(yī)療支出等。從這個意義上講，并非所有商品和服務是同時決定的，這一點正是現(xiàn)有文獻所忽略的。 基于以上所述的中國家庭消費特征，本文的研究聚焦于家庭大額消費支出，將定性研究與定量研究相結(jié)合，同時使用了宏觀數(shù)據(jù)和微觀數(shù)據(jù)來研究家庭大額消費支出的特征，解釋經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象，提出政策含義。同時文章還分三個獨立的部分分別研究了家庭教育消費、建房購房支出和醫(yī)療消費支出。本文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新點如下： 第一，本文將心理學中心理賬戶的概念引入消費的習慣形成理論，將心理賬戶分為日常消費賬戶和一次性大額消費賬戶，構(gòu)建了基于心理賬戶的習慣形成的理論模型，并針對中國城鎮(zhèn)居民省際宏觀面板數(shù)據(jù)進行了經(jīng)驗研究。理論模型和經(jīng)驗研究表明：中國城鎮(zhèn)居民的一次性大額消費表現(xiàn)出耐久性和奢侈品消費特征，從理論上回答了為什么收入的上升有助于啟動熱點消費，并為近年來汽車消費的快速增長等經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象提供了一個理論解釋。 第二，使用省際宏觀面板數(shù)據(jù)和廣義矩估計方法研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，少兒撫養(yǎng)比和老年撫養(yǎng)比的上升會減少教育消費支出，這表明義務教育階段之后的學校教育以及學校教育之外的培訓等構(gòu)成了城鎮(zhèn)居民家庭教育支出的最主要部分。 第三，以農(nóng)村家庭為樣本的家庭建房支出的經(jīng)驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，家庭選擇建房與否主要取決于家庭人均收入和人口規(guī)模所決定的家庭總收入，建房的價值跟家庭人均收入、戶主年齡、民族等特征相關。同時，為了檢驗農(nóng)村家庭是否會為了提高男孩在婚姻市場上的競爭力而選擇建房、建大房，，文中也將家庭中未婚男孩的個數(shù)納入模型，研究結(jié)果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)相關證據(jù)。 第四，本文還使用微觀數(shù)據(jù)和Heckman兩步法研究了居民醫(yī)療消費支出的特點，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，居民是否患有慢性病、年齡、性別等因素都會顯著影響居民就醫(yī)決策，在影響醫(yī)療支出水平上，家庭規(guī)模是一個重要的決定因素。醫(yī)療支出水平最主要是決定于疾病本身，而非外部因素。
[Abstract]:Under the constraint of income or wealth, representative families seek the optimal allocation of various commodities in order to maximize the utility as defined in mainstream economics, which is a basic framework for the study of modern consumption theory. An implicit assumption is that the consumption of all goods and services is determined at the same time. Clearly, this assumption does not conform to the characteristics of Chinese household consumption decision-making. In fact, thrift and willingness to save are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, and families always save the rest of their income for large, predictable or unforeseen expenses after they have met their daily needs. For example, buy a house, major illness medical expenses and so on. In this sense, not all goods and services are determined at the same time, which is neglected in existing literature. Based on the above mentioned characteristics of household consumption in China, the research in this paper focuses on household large consumption expenditure, combining qualitative research with quantitative research, and using macro and micro data to study the characteristics of household large consumption expenditure. Explain economic phenomena and put forward policy implications. At the same time, the article also studies the expenditure of family education, building house and medical treatment separately in three independent parts. The main research work and innovation of this paper are as follows: first, this paper introduces the concept of psychological account into the habit forming theory of consumption, and divides the psychological account into daily consumption account and one-off large consumption account. This paper constructs a theoretical model of habit formation based on psychological account, and makes an empirical study on the inter-provincial macro panel data of Chinese urban residents. Theoretical models and empirical studies show that the one-off large consumption of urban residents in China shows the characteristics of durability and luxury consumption, which theoretically answers why rising income helps to start hot consumption. It also provides a theoretical explanation for the rapid growth of automobile consumption and other economic phenomena in recent years. Secondly, using inter-provincial macro panel data and generalized moment estimation method, it is found that the increase of child dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio will reduce the education consumption expenditure. This indicates that after compulsory education school education and training outside school education constitute the most important part of urban residents' family education expenditure. Thirdly, the empirical study of household housing construction expenditure based on rural households shows that the choice of housing construction is mainly determined by the family per capita income and the total household income determined by the size of the population, the value of housing construction and the family per capita income. The age of head of household, nationality and other characteristics are related. At the same time, in order to test whether rural families will choose to build houses and build large houses in order to improve the competitiveness of boys in the marriage market, the number of unmarried boys in the family is also included in the model. Fourth, this paper also uses microdata and Heckman two-step method to study the characteristics of residents' medical expenditure, and finds that whether residents suffer from chronic diseases, age, sex and other factors will significantly affect residents' decision-making. Family size is an important determinant of health care expenditure levels. The level of health care spending is largely determined by the disease itself, not by external factors.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F126.1

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