【摘要】：長期以來，我國的貧困問題基本上被認(rèn)定為是一種農(nóng)村現(xiàn)象，政府在制定相關(guān)政策時也主要圍繞如何消除農(nóng)村貧困問題而展開，實際上，城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)同樣潛藏著各種貧困問題，而且城鎮(zhèn)貧困問題與城市經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)軌、城市產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，農(nóng)村勞動力向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移的農(nóng)民工等問題的解決密切相關(guān)。近些年來，城鎮(zhèn)貧困問題伴隨著城鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，城市居民人均收入水平的顯著提高，城市內(nèi)部收入差距的過分?jǐn)U大，呈現(xiàn)出日趨嚴(yán)峻的態(tài)勢。 本文以山西省城鎮(zhèn)貧困為研究對象，借鑒專家學(xué)者們對貧困問題已有的研究成果，結(jié)合我省的實際情況，對我省的城鎮(zhèn)貧困問題進(jìn)行深入的分析。首先在貧困線和調(diào)查樣本的平均收入給定時的前提下，，運用POVCAL software對整理好的收入分組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計算得到各時期的貧困指數(shù)和基尼系數(shù)，以此來對山西省的城鎮(zhèn)居民貧困狀況進(jìn)行了解。 其次，對山西省的城鎮(zhèn)貧困進(jìn)行分解和彈性分析。在對貧困指數(shù)的變動進(jìn)行分解時，沒有采用計量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中參數(shù)估計的方法，而是運用Kakwani提出的貧困分解方法，將其分解到經(jīng)濟(jì)增長效應(yīng)和收入分配不平等效應(yīng)這兩個維度上。得出經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對貧困狀況變動產(chǎn)生負(fù)效應(yīng)，且這種負(fù)效應(yīng)伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展逐漸增強(qiáng)；收入分配對于貧困指數(shù)變動的效應(yīng)先增強(qiáng)后減小，但收入分配不公導(dǎo)致貧困指數(shù)增加的作用明顯強(qiáng)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對于貧困的減弱作用。 再次，結(jié)合專家學(xué)者對貧困成因研究的基礎(chǔ)上，從生活成本、收入差距、競爭、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、其他不確定因素等方面選取相關(guān)統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)，運用計量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的方法，定性結(jié)合定量、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合理論對影響山西省城鎮(zhèn)貧困變動的原因進(jìn)行全新的詮釋，得出收入分配不均等、生活成本較高和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理是導(dǎo)致山西省城鎮(zhèn)貧困問題凸顯的主要原因，并且收入分配公平性對貧困程度的影響尤為顯著。 最后，針對我省的實際存在的問題，提出轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，增加就業(yè)人數(shù)，完善分配機(jī)制，增加教育補貼，健全社會保障體系等具體措施，有效的緩解城鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)象，更好的促進(jìn)我省經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，民生問題的解決。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the poverty problem in our country has basically been recognized as a kind of rural phenomenon, and the government has mainly focused on how to eliminate rural poverty when making relevant policies. In fact, there are also various poverty problems lurking in urban areas. Moreover, the problem of urban poverty is closely related to the problems such as the transformation of urban economic system, the adjustment of urban industrial structure, the transfer of rural labor force to urban migrant workers, and so on. In recent years, with the rapid development of urban economy, the level of per capita income of urban residents has improved significantly, and the income gap within the city has expanded too much. This paper takes the urban poverty in Shanxi Province as the research object, draws lessons from the research results of the experts and scholars on the poverty problem, and combines the actual situation of our province, carries on the thorough analysis to the urban poverty problem of our province. First of all, on the premise that the poverty line and the average income of the survey sample are timed, the poverty index and the Gini coefficient of each period are obtained by using POVCAL software to calculate the income grouping data. In order to understand the poverty of urban residents in Shanxi Province. Secondly, the urban poverty in Shanxi Province is decomposed and elastic analysis. In the decomposition of the change of poverty index, the method of parameter estimation in econometrics is not used. Instead, the method of poverty decomposition proposed by Kakwani is used to decompose it to the two dimensions of economic growth effect and income distribution inequality effect. It is concluded that economic growth has a negative effect on the change of poverty, and this negative effect increases gradually with the vigorous development of the economy, and the effect of income distribution on the change of poverty index increases first and then decreases. However, the increase of poverty index caused by unfair income distribution is stronger than the weakening effect of economic growth on poverty. Thirdly, on the basis of the research on the causes of poverty by experts and scholars, we select the relevant statistical indicators from the aspects of cost of living, income gap, competition, industrial structure, other uncertain factors, and use econometric methods, qualitative and quantitative. Combining with the theory of data, this paper makes a new explanation on the causes of the change of urban poverty in Shanxi Province, and concludes that the main causes of the urban poverty in Shanxi Province are the unequal income distribution, the high cost of living and the unreasonable industrial structure. And the impact of income distribution equity on the degree of poverty is particularly significant. Finally, in view of the actual problems in our province, some concrete measures, such as changing the mode of economic development, increasing the number of employed people, perfecting the distribution mechanism, increasing the education subsidy, perfecting the social security system, and so on, are put forward to effectively alleviate the phenomenon of cities and towns. Better to promote the economic development of our province, people's livelihood problems to solve.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F126

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本文編號：2265061