【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和改革開放進(jìn)程的不斷深化,我國社會發(fā)展取得舉世矚目的成績,國民經(jīng)濟也保持了高速的增長,居民的生活水平在改革開放的推動下有了較大幅度的提高,生活環(huán)境有了明顯的改善。但伴隨著經(jīng)濟環(huán)境的日益復(fù)雜和競爭形勢的日趨激烈,現(xiàn)階段我國居民收入差距日益拉大,居民總體收入水平的大幅度提高是以收入分配不公為代價換取的,目前依然還有大量的貧困群體置于巨大的生存壓力之下,貧困問題已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今社會最尖銳的問題之一。在過去的30年里,中國從收入分配比較平均的國家,一躍轉(zhuǎn)變成收入分配差距居世界前列的國家,改革沒有使更廣泛的人群受益,經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的成果也沒有被社會成員集體分享,低收入群體的存在已成為一個不爭的事實。居民收入分配是否公平合理客觀公正與廣大社會人民的自身利益和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展息息相關(guān),現(xiàn)已成為當(dāng)前國際社會最關(guān)注的民生問題。 城市低收入群體的不斷壯大,是經(jīng)濟體制發(fā)生變化的客觀反映和必然結(jié)果,隨著改革更深層次的推進(jìn),低收入問題仍然有惡化的趨勢。我國社會收入差距持續(xù)擴大2013年中國的基尼系數(shù)為0.473,按國際一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.4的基尼系數(shù)貧富差距警戒線,我國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入收入分配不公的區(qū)域,應(yīng)該引起高度警惕,否則將會引發(fā)社會動蕩等一系列問題。這其中的低收入群體是一個龐大重要的群體,更需要我們?nèi)ケＷo(hù)和關(guān)注,低收入群體人數(shù)眾多,受自身素質(zhì)、文化水平、工作技能等因素的影響,收入增長緩慢,在社會生活中面臨一定的困境,威脅著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展社會安定團結(jié)。因此,對低收入群體社會問題的研究,是關(guān)系到人心所向、社會民生的根本性問題,有重要的的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文正是基于上述理念,進(jìn)行逐層遞進(jìn)式分析。本文由緒論和四個章節(jié)共五部分組成,第一部分緒論中,首先閘述了論文的研究目的和意義,對國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行總結(jié),提出本文的研究內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新點。第二部分介紹了低收入群體界定的相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、恩格爾系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和群體的構(gòu)成及對低收入群體問題起指導(dǎo)作用的理論依據(jù)。第三部分剖析了低收入群體收入水平現(xiàn)狀和收入政策目標(biāo)、制定、評估存在的問題,分析提出政策問題產(chǎn)生的原因。第四部分提出了美國、日本和瑞典這三個國家在社會政策、經(jīng)濟政策中對低收入群體的政策支持,并取其精華,提出帶有我國特色的政策借鑒。第訂部分通過對上述問題的分析總結(jié),提出我國在政策目標(biāo)、政策制定和政策評估的優(yōu)化建議及相關(guān)配套政策的完善。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the deepening of the reform and opening up process, the social development of our country has made remarkable achievements, the national economy has also maintained a rapid growth, and the living standards of the residents have been greatly improved under the impetus of the reform and opening up. There has been a marked improvement in the living environment. However, with the increasing complexity of the economic environment and the increasingly fierce competition situation, the income gap of the residents in our country is widening day by day, and the substantial increase in the overall income level of the residents is exchanged at the cost of unfair income distribution. At present, there are still a large number of poor groups under great pressure to survive, poverty has become one of the most acute social problems. Over the past 30 years, China has leapt from a country with a more evenly distributed income to one with the world's largest income distribution gap, and the reforms have not benefited the wider population. The achievements of economic and social development have not been shared by social members, and the existence of low-income groups has become an indisputable fact. Whether the income distribution of residents is fair, reasonable, objective and fair is closely related to the interests of the broad masses of social people and economic development, and has become the most concerned issue of people's livelihood in the current international community. The continuous expansion of urban low-income groups is an objective reflection and inevitable result of the changes in economic system. With the further development of reform, the problem of low income is still worsening. The Gini coefficient of China is 0.473 in 2013, and the gap between the rich and the poor is 0.4 according to the international general standard. China has entered the region where income distribution is unfair, so we should be on high alert. Otherwise, it will lead to social unrest and a series of problems. Among them, the low-income group is a huge and important group, and we need to protect and pay more attention to it. The low-income group has a large number of people, affected by their own quality, educational level, job skills and other factors, income growth is slow. In the social life faces certain predicament, threatens the economic development social stability and unity. Therefore, the study on the social problems of low income groups is a fundamental issue related to people's wishes and people's livelihood, which has important practical significance. This paper is based on the above idea, the progressive analysis is carried out layer by layer. This paper consists of five parts: introduction and four chapters. In the first part of the introduction, the purpose and significance of this paper are described, the current research situation of domestic and foreign scholars is summarized, and the research content and innovation of this paper are put forward. The second part introduces the relative criteria of the definition of low-income group, the Engel coefficient criterion and the composition of the group and the theoretical basis for guiding the problem of low-income group. The third part analyzes the income level of low-income groups and income policy objectives, the formulation, evaluation of the existing problems, analysis of the reasons for the policy problems. The fourth part puts forward the policy support to the low-income group in the social policy, economic policy of the United States, Japan and Sweden, and puts forward the policy reference with the characteristics of our country. In the first part, through the analysis and summary of the above problems, the author puts forward the optimization suggestions of policy objectives, policy formulation and policy evaluation, and the perfection of relevant supporting policies in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F126.2

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