本文選題：技術(shù)尋求型對(duì)外直接投資 + 吸收能力�。� 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景廣闊的時(shí)代,高端領(lǐng)域技術(shù)、價(jià)值含量較高的科技創(chuàng)新能力已成為世界各國(guó)在對(duì)外投資活動(dòng)中攀升全球上層價(jià)值鏈的中堅(jiān)力量�；诩夹g(shù)尋求動(dòng)因的對(duì)外直接投資迎來(lái)了高速發(fā)展的“黃金時(shí)期”,其逆向溢出的資源(其中技術(shù)要素占比最大)逐漸被認(rèn)為是投資國(guó)技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展的制勝“法寶”。特別是在中國(guó)技術(shù)存量短缺的情況下,積極利用海外先進(jìn)技術(shù)可以有效助推國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)進(jìn)步以及經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。近年來(lái),中國(guó)的對(duì)外直接投資(下文簡(jiǎn)稱OFDI)步入經(jīng)濟(jì)“新常態(tài)”,對(duì)外直接投資規(guī)模呈高速增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì),投資行業(yè)由勞動(dòng)密集型向技術(shù)密集型行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型,區(qū)域投資結(jié)構(gòu)迎合對(duì)外開(kāi)放新格局并處于不斷調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)中。在中國(guó)政府的倡議和引導(dǎo)下,中國(guó)“走出去”步伐穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),許多企業(yè)紛紛把國(guó)內(nèi)優(yōu)勢(shì)傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)、新興服務(wù)業(yè)向境外轉(zhuǎn)移,境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)也初見(jiàn)成效。截至2015年底的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,中國(guó)2.02萬(wàn)家境內(nèi)投資者在境外188個(gè)國(guó)家(地區(qū))投資建設(shè)了3.08萬(wàn)家對(duì)外直接投資企業(yè)。由此看來(lái),中國(guó)對(duì)外投資進(jìn)入了發(fā)展快車道。在新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)理論中,技術(shù)進(jìn)步是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要源泉。各國(guó)總體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的差異在很大程度上歸結(jié)為國(guó)家間技術(shù)水平的高低,而源于技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)母國(guó)生產(chǎn)力提高的驅(qū)動(dòng)力并不完全來(lái)自于國(guó)內(nèi),還可通過(guò)間接渠道從國(guó)外獲取。由于擁有核心研發(fā)技術(shù)的先進(jìn)國(guó)主要集中在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,技術(shù)尋求型對(duì)外直接投資能為諸如中國(guó)這類缺乏技術(shù)要素稟賦優(yōu)勢(shì)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供“干中學(xué)”的技術(shù)吸收渠道。中國(guó)作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期,不能僅僅依靠自主研發(fā)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步,亟需充分利用外部渠道獲取先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),尤其是通過(guò)對(duì)外直接投資渠道帶來(lái)的的研發(fā)技術(shù)溢出,在促進(jìn)母國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)步中產(chǎn)生了積極影響。對(duì)外直接投資逆向技術(shù)溢出的理論模型、實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制和吸收能力因素分析是本文的基石。因此,本文以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn),結(jié)合吸收能力理論展開(kāi)探討。長(zhǎng)期基準(zhǔn)模型的構(gòu)建還利用內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)模型思想,將技術(shù)溢出與吸收能力內(nèi)生化來(lái)重構(gòu)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的理論模型,并細(xì)化了技術(shù)吸收的環(huán)節(jié),更完整地展現(xiàn)出技術(shù)進(jìn)步的動(dòng)態(tài)路徑。在兩個(gè)基準(zhǔn)模型基礎(chǔ)上,本文利用2004-2015年的中國(guó)省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了技術(shù)尋求型對(duì)外直接投資逆向技術(shù)溢出所產(chǎn)生的國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)進(jìn)步長(zhǎng)短期效應(yīng)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):無(wú)論長(zhǎng)短期,技術(shù)尋求型對(duì)外直接投資渠道下的逆向技術(shù)溢出和現(xiàn)實(shí)吸收能力因素均對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步起到了積極的正向作用,且都與預(yù)期一致;外商直接投資、政府支出規(guī)模、經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)有化程度這三個(gè)控制變量在長(zhǎng)短期內(nèi)對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的作用方向不一致;長(zhǎng)期內(nèi),潛在吸收能力(包括研發(fā)強(qiáng)度、人力資本、金融發(fā)展水平及技術(shù)差距)也對(duì)省際技術(shù)進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生了顯著的正向效應(yīng)。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步分析可知,除了金融發(fā)展水平以外,其他潛在吸收能力變量與國(guó)際技術(shù)溢出結(jié)合形成的現(xiàn)實(shí)吸收能力,在長(zhǎng)期中促進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的程度比短期大。此外,長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)的人力資本還存在“門檻效應(yīng)”,當(dāng)跨越最低門檻值時(shí),技術(shù)尋求型對(duì)外直接投資的逆向技術(shù)溢出才發(fā)揮出正向作用。最后,本文針對(duì)以上理論框架和實(shí)證結(jié)果,就中國(guó)政府和企業(yè)兩個(gè)對(duì)外投資的重要主體如何更快更好地“走出去”獲取全球資源和國(guó)際新技術(shù),進(jìn)而推動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)進(jìn)步提出了切實(shí)可行的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In the era of the bright future of knowledge economy, high technology and high value of scientific and technological innovation have become the backbone of the world's higher value chain in foreign investment activities. The foreign direct investment based on technology seeking motivation has ushered in the "golden period" of rapid development, and its reverse spillover resources China's foreign direct investment (hereinafter referred to as OFDI) has stepped into the economy in recent years, especially in the case of the shortage of technology stock in China, and the active use of advanced overseas technology can effectively boost domestic technological progress and economic transformation. The scale of foreign direct investment is growing rapidly, the investment industry is transforming from labor intensive to technology intensive industry. The regional investment structure caters to the new pattern of opening to the outside world and is in constant adjustment and optimization and upgrading. Under the initiative and guidance of the Chinese government, the pace of China's "going out" is steadily advancing, and many enterprises have come into dispute. As of the end of 2015, China's 2.02 million domestic investors have invested 3.08, 000 direct investment enterprises in 188 countries (regions) abroad. Thus, China's foreign investment has entered the country. In the new classical economic growth theory, the technological progress is an important source of the economic and social development. The difference of the overall economic growth of each country is largely attributed to the level of technology among countries, and the driving force derived from the improvement of the country's productivity from the technological progress is not entirely from the domestic, but also through the indirect channel. As the advanced countries with core R & D technology are mainly concentrated in the developed countries, the technology seeking foreign direct investment can provide a technical absorption channel for the developing countries such as China, such as China, which lacks the technical factor endowment. China is the largest developing country in the world and is in the economy. The period of strategic opportunity of transformation can not rely solely on independent research and development to achieve technological progress. It is urgent to make full use of external channels to obtain advanced technology and management experience, especially the R & D technology spillover brought by foreign direct investment channels, which has a positive impact on promoting the technological progress of the home country. The reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment The theoretical model, the realization mechanism and the absorptive capacity factor analysis are the cornerstones of this paper. Therefore, this paper takes this as the starting point and discusses the absorption ability theory. The construction of the long-term benchmark model also uses endogenous growth model to reconstruct the theoretical model of technological progress by technology spillover and absorptive capacity, and refine the technology. On the basis of two benchmark models, this paper empirically examines the long and short term effects of technological progress on the reverse technology spillover of technology seeking foreign direct investment on the basis of two benchmark models. The reverse technology spillover and the actual absorptive capacity of the foreign direct investment channel have positive positive effect on the technological progress, and all are consistent with the expectation. The three control variables of foreign direct investment, the scale of government expenditure and the degree of economic nationalization are inconsistent in the direction of the technological progress in the long and short period; for a long time, The potential absorptive capacity (including R & D intensity, human capital, financial development level and technology gap) also has a significant positive effect on the inter provincial technology progress. Through further analysis, besides the financial development level, the practical absorptive capacity of other potential absorptive variables and international technical spillovers is promoted in the long term. In addition, there is a "threshold effect" in human capital in the long term. When the minimum threshold is spanned, the reverse technology spillover of technology seeking foreign direct investment is positive. Finally, in view of the above theoretical framework and the results, the two foreign investment of the Chinese government and the enterprise How the important subject is quicker and better "going out" to obtain global resources and international new technology, and then put forward practical policy suggestions to promote domestic technological progress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F125

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