本文選題：多維貧困　切入點(diǎn)：公理化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　出處：《五邑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：首先,本文簡(jiǎn)要回顧了貧困概念的演進(jìn)歷程,從最初的絕對(duì)貧困和相對(duì)貧困,到能力貧困,再到關(guān)于個(gè)體或家庭脆弱性的權(quán)力貧困,以及涵蓋了政治、文化方面的社會(huì)排斥。不難看出,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的不斷變化,學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)貧困內(nèi)涵的界定,也經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)連續(xù)不斷發(fā)生的從低級(jí)向高級(jí),從單維向多維,從靜態(tài)到動(dòng)態(tài)的逐步的深化、廣化和精細(xì)化的過(guò)程。其次,文章搜集、整理了描述個(gè)體或家庭貧困測(cè)度的多維貧困指數(shù),如Watts多維貧困指數(shù)、Hagenaars多維貧困指數(shù)、Tsui多維貧困指數(shù),以及MPI多維貧困指數(shù)、能力貧困指數(shù)、人類(lèi)貧困指數(shù)和人文發(fā)展指數(shù)等�？梢钥闯�,基于公理化和非公理化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建的多維貧困指數(shù)有其各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)、適用性和局限性,且沒(méi)有完全符合所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貧困指數(shù)。為了力爭(zhēng)接近現(xiàn)實(shí),獲得“滿(mǎn)意”的研究結(jié)論,文章從中選取了國(guó)際通用的MPI多維貧困指數(shù)作為研究的理論基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)拓展了維度幅度,增加了衡量家庭或個(gè)體收入信息的人均收入指標(biāo),將原來(lái)的三個(gè)維度增加到四個(gè)維度共11項(xiàng)指標(biāo),克服了大部分文獻(xiàn)指標(biāo)維度量較少的缺陷。 最后,在實(shí)證部分,文章以CHNS中1989—2009年數(shù)據(jù)為研究基礎(chǔ),采用收入、教育、健康和生活水平四個(gè)方面的數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo),結(jié)合主成分分析法,測(cè)算了轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期中國(guó)城市和農(nóng)村的貧困程度,以及中國(guó)中部、西部、東部和東北部地區(qū)9個(gè)省份的收入貧困發(fā)生率、多維貧困深度和貧困貢獻(xiàn)率比率。研究結(jié)果表明：多維貧困的下降幅度超過(guò)了單一的收入貧困的下降幅度；農(nóng)村貧困無(wú)論是從收入還是多維角度來(lái)看,均較嚴(yán)重,一直是中國(guó)貧困的主體,但城鄉(xiāng)之間的貧困差距已從收入因素轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉鞘杖氲母＠蛩兀凰膫�(gè)維度上的指標(biāo)貧困發(fā)生率差異明顯,貧困的主要致因已從早期的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、受教育年限和人均收入指標(biāo),轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟壳暗男l(wèi)生設(shè)施和受教育年限因素：就具有代表性的9省的貧困狀況而言,河南、貴州和廣西三省貧困貢獻(xiàn)度比重較大,貧困程度較深；減貧效果方面,湖北和湖南較為顯著,優(yōu)于東部經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較好的地區(qū)。因此,反貧困政策要從單一的收入視角轉(zhuǎn)向多維視角,尤其是將扶貧工作重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)村教育、衛(wèi)生設(shè)施和醫(yī)療保障方向傾斜,并進(jìn)一步關(guān)注地區(qū)間貧困人口的福利差距。全面非均衡或有選擇性的扶貧政策,是最終消除當(dāng)前中國(guó)“多元化”福利貧困的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:First of all, this paper briefly reviews the evolution of the concept of poverty, from the initial absolute and relative poverty, to capacity poverty, to power poverty about the vulnerability of individuals or families, and covers politics. Cultural social exclusion. It is not difficult to see that with the constant changes of economy and society, the definition of poverty in academic circles has also experienced a continuous process from lower to higher, from single dimension to multidimensional. Secondly, the paper collects and arranges the multidimensional poverty index describing individual or family poverty measurement, such as Watts multidimensional poverty index, Hagenaars multidimensional poverty index and Tsui multidimensional poverty index. And the multi-dimensional poverty index of MPI, capacity poverty index, human poverty index and human development index, etc. It can be seen that the multidimensional poverty index based on axiomatic and non-axiomatic criteria has its own advantages and disadvantages, applicability and limitations. In order to get the conclusion of "satisfactory", the paper selects the international MPI multi-dimensional poverty index as the theoretical basis and expands the dimension range. The index of income per capita is added to measure the information of household or individual income, and the original three dimensions are increased to four dimensions, which is 11 indexes, which overcomes the defect of the small quantity of most literature indexes. Finally, in the empirical part, based on the data from 1989 to 2009 in CHNS, the paper adopts four data indicators, income, education, health and living standard, and combines principal component analysis. The degree of urban and rural poverty in China during the transition period and the incidence of income poverty in nine provinces in the central, western, eastern and northeastern regions of China were measured. The results show that the decline of multidimensional poverty is greater than that of single income poverty, and that rural poverty is more serious in terms of both income and income. The poverty gap between urban and rural areas has changed from income factor to non-income welfare factor. The incidence of poverty in the four dimensions is obviously different, and the main cause of poverty has changed from the early health facilities. Medical insurance, the index of years of schooling and per capita income, has been transformed into the current health facilities and factors of length of education: in terms of poverty in the representative nine provinces, the three provinces of Henan, Guizhou and Guangxi contribute a large proportion of the poverty. The degree of poverty is deep, the effect of poverty reduction in Hubei and Hunan is more remarkable, which is better than that in the areas with better economic development in the east. Therefore, the anti-poverty policy should change from a single income perspective to a multidimensional perspective. In particular, focusing poverty alleviation efforts on rural education, health facilities and health care, and paying further attention to the welfare gap among the poor in different regions. Comprehensive, unbalanced or selective poverty alleviation policies, It is the key to the elimination of the current China's "pluralistic" welfare poverty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：五邑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F126

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