本文選題：經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理　切入點(diǎn)：房?jī)r(jià)波動(dòng)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自從1998年房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)改革，由住房的實(shí)物分配轉(zhuǎn)換為貨幣化分配以來(lái)，我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)快速發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷提高、居民可支配收入提高和財(cái)政和稅收政策的傾斜，房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格持續(xù)高漲。國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2013年上海的住房均價(jià)達(dá)到了28672元/平方米，過(guò)高的房?jī)r(jià)增加了貸款買房者的還貸壓力，也使得無(wú)房者“望房興嘆”。近年來(lái)國(guó)家頻頻實(shí)行各種房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控政策，房?jī)r(jià)卻越調(diào)越高，部分區(qū)域的房?jī)r(jià)出現(xiàn)了反復(fù)波動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。與此同時(shí)，我國(guó)的基尼系數(shù)幾乎伴隨著房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格同步增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)部分國(guó)民收入分配向高收入階層傾斜。房地產(chǎn)是家庭的重要財(cái)產(chǎn)，其帶來(lái)的收入是家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入的重要來(lái)源。房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格的波動(dòng)使得有房者越來(lái)越富，無(wú)房者越來(lái)越窮，財(cái)產(chǎn)不平等程度不斷加深。 本文依據(jù)中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)和各省統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒，利用2002-2011年30個(gè)省份的面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析，選取城鄉(xiāng)收入差距作為收入差距的代理變量，研究了房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格波動(dòng)對(duì)于收入差距的影響程度，然后利用固定效應(yīng)和隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格波動(dòng)的收入分配效應(yīng)拉大了我國(guó)的收入差距，收入分配越來(lái)越向高收入階層傾斜。政府財(cái)政支出的增加以及對(duì)外開放程度的提高在一定程度上能夠縮小收入差距，但是社會(huì)保障和就業(yè)的支出卻形成了“逆調(diào)節(jié)”，這與我國(guó)社會(huì)保障制度的發(fā)展體制有關(guān)。收入分配不僅僅是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，更是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的社會(huì)倫理問(wèn)題，僅僅從經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的角度去分析當(dāng)前的收入分配問(wèn)題是不夠的，還應(yīng)該運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)目前的收入分配格局做出正確的判斷，不斷改善我國(guó)收入分配狀況。我國(guó)目前房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)中存在收入分配不均狀況，這違背了經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理學(xué)中的公平正義、義利皆重、社會(huì)責(zé)任等原則。最后根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，筆者從房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格波動(dòng)和縮小收入分配差距、較少房?jī)r(jià)波動(dòng)收入分配效應(yīng)這些方面提出政策建議。由于投機(jī)性需求是促使房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格波動(dòng)的重要因素，因此各級(jí)政府要積極采取財(cái)稅和信貸政策，比如開征房產(chǎn)稅等，以此抑制投機(jī)性需求保護(hù)居民的消費(fèi)性需求。同時(shí)加大保障房的建設(shè)，特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房和廉租房等，保障低收入群體的基本生活權(quán)利，，積極改善他們的收入水平。最后，要調(diào)整我國(guó)的收入分配格局，防止一部分群眾通過(guò)房?jī)r(jià)上漲獲取的財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入增加過(guò)快，全面提高勞動(dòng)力報(bào)酬在收入分配中的比重，力求建立公平公正的收入分配制度，抑制房?jī)r(jià)波動(dòng)的收入分配效應(yīng)過(guò)大。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the real estate market in 1998, the real estate industry in our country has developed rapidly and become a pillar industry. With the increase in disposable income and the slant fiscal and tax policies, real estate prices continue to rise. In 2013, the average housing price in Shanghai reached 28672 yuan per square meter, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. The excessive housing prices have increased the pressure on loan buyers to repay their loans, and have also made people without houses look forward to housing. In recent years, the state has frequently implemented various real estate control policies, but the price of house prices has increased. At the same time, the Gini coefficient of our country is almost accompanied by the increase of real estate prices, while the distribution of national income is inclined to the high-income class. Real estate is an important property of the family. The income it brings is the important source of the family property income. The fluctuation of real estate price makes the homeowner richer and poorer, and the degree of property inequality deepening. Based on the data of China Bureau of Statistics and the statistical yearbooks of various provinces, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces from 2002 to 2011 to carry out empirical analysis, and selects the urban-rural income gap as the proxy variable of income gap. This paper studies the influence of real estate price fluctuation on the income gap, and then uses the fixed effect and stochastic effect model to make empirical analysis. The results show that the income distribution effect of real estate price fluctuation widens the income gap in China. The income distribution is more and more inclined to the high-income class. The increase in government expenditure and the increase in the degree of opening to the outside world can, to a certain extent, narrow the income gap. However, the expenditure on social security and employment has formed a "reverse adjustment", which is related to the development system of China's social security system. Income distribution is not only an economic issue, but also a more complex social ethical issue. It is not enough to analyze the current income distribution problem from the angle of economic benefit. We should also use the standard of economic ethics to make a correct judgment on the current income distribution pattern. We are constantly improving the income distribution in our country. There is an uneven income distribution in the real estate market in our country, which violates the principles of fairness and justice in economic ethics, justice and profit, social responsibility, etc. Finally, according to the research results, The author puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of real estate price fluctuation and narrowing the income distribution gap and reducing the income distribution effect of house price fluctuation. Because speculative demand is an important factor to promote the real estate price fluctuation, Therefore, governments at all levels should actively adopt fiscal, tax and credit policies, such as levying property taxes, in order to curb speculative demand and protect the consumer demand of residents. At the same time, they should step up the construction of indemnificatory apartment, in particular comfortable housing and low-rent housing, and so on. Protect the basic living rights of low-income groups and actively improve their income levels. Finally, we should adjust the pattern of income distribution in our country and prevent some people from increasing their property income too quickly through rising house prices. To increase the proportion of labor compensation in income distribution, to establish a fair and just system of income distribution, and to restrain the excessive effect of income distribution due to the fluctuation of house prices.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.23;F124.7

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