發(fā)布時間：2018-02-28 23:22

  本文關鍵詞： 馬克思 李嘉圖 收入分配 比較分析　出處：《西安建筑科技大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：收入分配一直是經濟學家關注的一個重要問題,經濟學家們基于各自的經濟利益和階級利益,并在前經濟學家的基礎上,形成了自己的收入分配理論。本文系統地介紹了收入分配理論的歷史演進:古典政治經濟學的收入分配理論、庸俗資產階級政治經濟學的收入分配理論、馬克思的收入分配理論和現代西方的收入分配理論,揭示了馬克思的收入分配理論是在對古典政治經濟學家尤其是李嘉圖的收入分配理論進行批判繼承的基礎上建立起來的,并從時代背景、理論基礎、主要內容和研究方法四個方面分別闡述了二者的收入分配理論。本文采用文獻研究法、分析歸納法、比較分析法探討了馬克思與李嘉圖的收入分配理論,通過對二者收入分配理論的比較,分析了二者收入分配理論的聯系與區(qū)別,指出了李嘉圖收入分配理論的進步性和局限性,而馬克思的收入分配理論更具有合理性和科學性。李嘉圖的收入分配理論中相對工資的提出有其合理和進步的成分,并由此揭示出資本主義社會中三大階級的對立,但是他的局限性體現在認為工人實際工資下降是由于人口的增長;同時,李嘉圖明確指出了地租(級差地租)是價格的結果而不是原因,這是他對地租理論的重要貢獻,然而由于他混淆了自然價格和價值,因此就只承認級差地租的存在而否認了絕對地租的存在,這使他的地租理論陷入困境,從而使他的收入分配理論出現缺陷。而馬克思的收入分配理論公開地揭示了:以曖昧形式存在于古典政治經濟學中的利潤等收入范疇是對勞動產品的一種扣除,具有“剩余”占有的性質,即剩余價值,同時克服了李嘉圖收入分配理論的缺陷,實現了分配與價值之間決定機制的邏輯對應性,揭示了分配過程中所體現出來的剝削關系以及由此引起的階級利益沖突。通過分析得知馬克思的收入分配理論較李嘉圖的收入分配理論有以下科學性:(1)解釋了資本主義分配的本質,即資本家占有勞動者創(chuàng)造的剩余價值;(2)用聯系發(fā)展的觀點論述了收入分配的發(fā)展趨勢;(3)準確地提出了分配發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律,具有較為完整的理論體系。本文結合我國當前經濟體制改革的背景,對馬克思收入分配理論在當代我國經濟社會發(fā)展進程中的理論意義和實踐價值進行深入探討,并對當前我國收入分配制度改革中的問題及原因進行深入分析,最后提出有針對性的建議:(1)堅持以人為本的原則;(2)優(yōu)化所有制結構;(3)提高勞動者報酬在國民收入中的比重;(4)理清收入分配關系并規(guī)范收入分配秩序;(5)強化政府在再分配中的作用。
[Abstract]:Income distribution has always been an important concern for economists, based on their respective economic interests and class interests, and on the basis of former economists. This paper systematically introduces the historical evolution of income distribution theory: the income distribution theory of classical political economy, the income distribution theory of vulgar bourgeois political economy, the income distribution theory of vulgar bourgeois political economy, Marx's theory of income distribution and modern western theory of income distribution reveal that Marx's theory of income distribution was established on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the theory of income distribution of classical political economists, especially Ricardo. And from the background of the times, the theoretical basis, the main content and the research methods of income distribution theory, respectively. This paper probes into the income distribution theory of Marx and Ricardo through the comparison of their income distribution theory, analyzes the relation and difference between them, and points out the progressive nature and limitation of Ricardo's income distribution theory. However, Marx's theory of income distribution is more reasonable and scientific. There is a reasonable and progressive element in Ricardo's theory of income distribution, which reveals the opposition of three classes in capitalist society. But his limitation was that he believed that the decline in real wages of workers was due to the growth of the population. At the same time, Ricardo clearly pointed out that government rent (differential rent) was the result of price rather than the cause, which was his important contribution to the theory of land rent. However, because he confused the natural price with the value, he only admitted the existence of differential rent and denied the existence of absolute land rent, which caused his theory of land rent to fall into a dilemma. Marx's theory of income distribution openly reveals that income categories such as profits, which exist in the form of ambiguity in classical political economy, are deductions from labor products. It has the nature of "surplus" possession, that is, surplus value, and overcomes the defects of Ricardo's theory of income distribution, and realizes the logical correspondence of the determining mechanism between distribution and value. This paper reveals the exploitative relationship embodied in the distribution process and the class interest conflict caused by it. Through analysis, it is found that Marx's income distribution theory is more scientific than Ricardo's. The essence of the doctrine of distribution, That is, the capitalists occupy the surplus value created by the laborer. (2) the paper discusses the development trend of the income distribution with the viewpoint of the relation development) and puts forward the general law of the distribution development accurately. This paper discusses the theoretical significance and practical value of Marx's income distribution theory in the process of economic and social development in contemporary China, combining with the background of China's current economic system reform. The problems and reasons in the current reform of income distribution system in China are also analyzed. Finally, the following suggestions are put forward: 1) stick to the principle of "people-oriented" 2) optimize the ownership structure 3) increase the proportion of workers' remuneration in national income 4) clarify the relationship of income distribution and standardize the order of income distribution 5) strengthen the government. The role of redistribution.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124.7
，

本文編號：1549424