本文關(guān)鍵詞： 法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動 發(fā)展中國家 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 制度　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對于廣大發(fā)展中國家而言,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展仍然是主要目標(biāo)。針對于如何實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們給出的答案是制度:制度對于經(jīng)濟(jì)活動有著重要作用,制度變遷是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的根源。在所有的制度中,最重要的是法律。上世紀(jì)60年代和90年代發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家的,以法律改革為手段,以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展為目標(biāo)的兩次實(shí)踐運(yùn)動,被稱為法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動。本文介紹了這場運(yùn)動產(chǎn)生的條件、理論的基礎(chǔ)以及對發(fā)展中國家的啟示,從發(fā)展中國家總體和個(gè)別發(fā)展中國家案例兩方面研究這場運(yùn)動對于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生的影響,并探討了法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動浪潮下中國的經(jīng)驗(yàn),以研究法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動對發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。本文共分為五部分:第一章為緒論,簡要敘述了法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動研究意義、研究背景、總體思路。第二章在新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角下,從制度的作用和制度變遷兩個(gè)角度,探討制度與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系。制度可以降低交易成本、減少不確定性;制度可以起激勵作用;制度可以創(chuàng)造合作條件;制度也可以使外部收益內(nèi)部化。針對制度變遷,本文討論了其與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)系,以及制度變遷中容易形成的路徑依賴問題。第三章主要介紹了法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動。二戰(zhàn)后,美國為首的發(fā)達(dá)國家為了輸出意識形態(tài),在現(xiàn)代化理論的指導(dǎo)下,推動發(fā)展中國家進(jìn)行法律制度和法律文化改革。這場運(yùn)動被稱為舊法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動,由于其隱藏的霸權(quán)主義思想以及專家們脫離實(shí)際的研究方法在最終反思中走向失敗。冷戰(zhàn)后,全球化趨勢增強(qiáng),市場經(jīng)濟(jì)普遍推行,人權(quán)運(yùn)動高漲,在依附理論的新發(fā)展和新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的興起的背景下,法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動復(fù)蘇。這場運(yùn)動的目標(biāo)、理論、規(guī)模都與舊法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動有很大的不同。第四章分析了法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動對發(fā)展中國家具體的影響。首先從90年代發(fā)展中國家紛紛進(jìn)行法律改革以促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的角度分析了對發(fā)展中國家整體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響。并分析了對法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動重地——巴西的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響。并分析了不恰當(dāng)?shù)姆?對巴西社會公平問題和尼日利亞知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題造成的影響,論證法律對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的作用。第五章討論了法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動浪潮下中國的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。中國改革開放以來取得了輝煌的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和法治建設(shè)成就,許多專家用“政府論”和非正式制度論來解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,但他們并未否認(rèn)法律,法律實(shí)際上在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。在未來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中更應(yīng)注重法律的作用。法律與發(fā)展運(yùn)動的理論和實(shí)踐結(jié)果表明,發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長離不開法律的保護(hù),只有不斷完善法律制度,堅(jiān)定地走法治化道路,才能為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展保駕護(hù)航。
[Abstract]:For the majority of developing countries, economic development is still the main goal. In view of how to achieve economic growth, the answer given by the new institutional economists is system: institutions play an important role in economic activities. Institutional change is the root of economic growth. Of all institutions, the most important is the law. In -40s and 90s, law reform took place in developing countries. The two practical movements aimed at promoting economic development are called the Law and Development Movement. This paper introduces the conditions of the movement, the theoretical basis and the enlightenment to the developing countries. This paper studies the impact of this movement on economic growth from two aspects of the overall and individual cases of developing countries, and probes into the experience of China under the wave of law and development movement. This paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter is the introduction, briefly narrates the significance and background of the research on the law and development movement. The second chapter discusses the relationship between institution and economic development from the perspective of institutional function and institutional change in the perspective of new institutional economics. Institutions can reduce transaction costs and reduce uncertainty; System can play an incentive role; Institutions can create conditions for cooperation; Institution can also make external income internalized. In view of institutional changes, this paper discusses the relationship between institution and economic growth. The third chapter mainly introduces the law and development movement. After World War II, the developed countries led by the United States in order to export ideology, under the guidance of modernization theory. Promoting legal system and legal culture reform in developing countries. This movement is known as the old law and development movement. Because of its hidden hegemonism thought and the experts' research method which deviated from the reality, they went to failure in the final introspection. After the Cold War, the trend of globalization became stronger, the market economy was widely carried out, and the human rights movement was on the upsurge. In the context of the new development of dependency theory and the rise of new institutional economics, the movement of law and development recovers. Chapter 4th analyzes the specific impact of the law and development movement on developing countries. First, since 90s, developing countries have carried out legal reforms to promote trade. The impact on the economic growth of developing countries as a whole, the impact on the economic growth of Brazil, which is the focus of the legal and development movement, and the analysis of inappropriate laws are analyzed in this paper. Impact on social equity in Brazil and intellectual property rights in Nigeria. Chapter 5th discusses the experience of China under the wave of law and development movement. China has made brilliant achievements in economic construction and rule of law construction since the reform and opening up. Many experts use "government" and informal institutionalism to explain economic growth, but they do not deny the law. In fact, law has played an irreplaceable role in China's economic growth, and it should pay more attention to the role of law in the future economic development. The theoretical and practical results of the law and development movement show that. The economic growth of developing countries can not be separated from the protection of laws. Only by constantly perfecting the legal system and firmly following the road of ruling by law can the economic development be safeguarded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D910;F112.1

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