【摘要】：在我國，農(nóng)村土地承載著農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和社會保障的雙重功能，隨著城市化推進，耕地和農(nóng)業(yè)用地轉(zhuǎn)為國家建設(shè)用地成為城市發(fā)展和建設(shè)必經(jīng)之路，國有土地出讓收入成為地方財政的主要來源。非農(nóng)建設(shè)用地的需求不斷增多，由此產(chǎn)生了大量被征地農(nóng)民，當前，被征地農(nóng)民的社會保障安置已從一次性貨幣安置逐漸過渡為可以維持其長久生活的社會保障機制，但中國截至目前仍沒有對被征地農(nóng)民的社會保障問題形成明確的法律和法規(guī)。 制度的完善是保障的根本，構(gòu)建因地制宜、適合本省被征地農(nóng)民情況的“土地換保障”制度迫在眉睫。本文通過對山西省2007年出臺的“土地換保障”政策進行分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)制度中存在醫(yī)療保障繳費規(guī)定模糊、政府補貼責任主體不明確、補償比例模糊、新舊被征地農(nóng)民社會保障待遇銜接不完善等問題，繼續(xù)對制度中存在的缺陷分析深挖，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國社會保障制度缺失的根本原因是由于我國土地征收制度的不健全、農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的界定模糊、城鄉(xiāng)戶籍制度的二元化和我國現(xiàn)行法律中對被征地農(nóng)民社會保障制度建設(shè)的法律缺失。由于上述種種原因，被征地農(nóng)民的生活保障與城鎮(zhèn)居民的社會保障在內(nèi)容上、形式上、保障力度上都有很大差別。 山西省“土地換保障”的內(nèi)在缺陷現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)，在對比上海、重慶、成都、浙江的保障安置經(jīng)驗時，發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅影響其基本生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)，也拉大了城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平，不利于城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌一體化發(fā)展。在山西省“土地換保障”路徑選擇中，應(yīng)以城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌一體化為基本目標；在制度建設(shè)上，明確提高山西省“土地換保障”制度中的補償標準和水平、強化制度建設(shè)的重視程度、拓寬保障項目、加強就業(yè)培訓，同時做到“土地換保障”制度與其他保障制度的有效銜接，擴大被征地農(nóng)民參與范圍；從資金籌集方式上，建立省級轉(zhuǎn)移支付平臺的同時，完善基金監(jiān)管制度，以法律手段降低被征地農(nóng)民保障資金的可能性風險；從可持續(xù)生計來看，從農(nóng)民的真實意愿出發(fā)進行合理安置，提高土地補償費和安置補助費，加大政府補貼力度，保障被征地農(nóng)民在失去土地以后，仍舊能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)擁有長期收入來源和穩(wěn)定社會保障，并能夠保證生活水平不因征地降低。
[Abstract]:In China, rural land carries the dual functions of agricultural production and social security. With the advancement of urbanization, the conversion of cultivated land and agricultural land into national construction land has become the only way to urban development and construction. The revenue from the transfer of state-owned land has become the main source of local finance. The demand for non-agricultural construction land continues to increase, resulting in a large number of land-expropriated farmers. At present, the social security resettlement of land-expropriated farmers has gradually transitioned from one-time currency resettlement to a social security mechanism that can maintain their long-term life. But so far, China has no clear laws and regulations on the social security of land-expropriated farmers. The perfection of the system is the foundation of the guarantee. It is urgent to construct the "land exchange guarantee" system, which is suitable for the situation of the land expropriated farmers in this province. Based on the analysis of the policy of "land exchange for security" issued by Shanxi Province in 2007, it is found that there are vague provisions on medical security payment, the main body of government subsidy responsibility is not clear, and the proportion of compensation is fuzzy. The problems such as the imperfect social security treatment of the old and new land expropriated farmers continue to analyze the defects in the system and find that the root cause of the lack of social security system in our country is the imperfection of the land expropriation system in our country. The definition of rural land property right system is vague, the dualism of urban and rural household registration system and the lack of law on the construction of land expropriated farmers' social security system in the current law of our country. Because of all these reasons, there are great differences in content, form and strength between the life security of land-expropriated peasants and the social security of urban residents. The inherent defects of "land for security" in Shanxi Province have now emerged. When comparing the experience of security and resettlement in Shanghai, Chongqing, Chengdu and Zhejiang, it is found that it not only affects its basic right to subsistence and development, but also increases the living standards of urban and rural residents. It is not conducive to the integrated development of urban and rural areas. In the path selection of "land exchange for security" in Shanxi Province, the integration of urban and rural areas should be taken as the basic goal. In terms of system construction, we should clearly raise the compensation standard and level of "land exchange guarantee" system in Shanxi Province, strengthen the attention paid to the system construction, broaden the security projects, and strengthen employment training. At the same time, the system of "land exchange for security" and other security systems can be effectively linked to expand the scope of participation of land-expropriated farmers; On the way of raising funds, while establishing the provincial transfer payment platform, we should perfect the supervision system of funds and reduce the possible risk of ensuring funds for land-expropriated farmers by means of law. From the point of view of sustainable livelihood, reasonable resettlement should be carried out from the true wishes of farmers, land compensation fees and resettlement subsidies should be raised, government subsidies should be increased, and land-expropriated farmers would be guaranteed after they lost their land. Still able to achieve long-term income sources and stable social security, and to ensure that living standards do not fall due to land expropriation.
【學位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1;F323.89

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