【摘要】：耕地撂荒是當(dāng)前全球山區(qū)主要的土地利用變化現(xiàn)象,它深刻地改變了山區(qū)農(nóng)村土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)、農(nóng)業(yè)景觀和農(nóng)戶生計(jì),并帶來了巨大的生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。2000年以來,隨著中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力成本的快速上升和農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的大量析出,中國(guó)山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)因地形限制,機(jī)械化發(fā)展受阻,耕地面臨著較大的撂荒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。越來越多的案例研究和報(bào)道表明中國(guó)山區(qū)耕地撂荒現(xiàn)象越演越烈。中國(guó)山區(qū)面積廣、坡耕地比重大,耕地撂荒不僅關(guān)系到山區(qū)農(nóng)地的合理利用政策和山區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展政策的制定,并可能引起糧食安全問題,但目前仍缺少全國(guó)層面的定量化評(píng)估研究。因此,本研究通過開展大范圍的抽樣調(diào)查對(duì)中國(guó)山區(qū)縣撂荒規(guī)模進(jìn)行了推算,以期為相關(guān)政策制定以及耕地邊際化進(jìn)一步研究提供參考。研究結(jié)果表明,在235個(gè)調(diào)查村莊中,78.3%的村莊出現(xiàn)耕地撂荒現(xiàn)象;基于縣樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)的2014-2015年全國(guó)山區(qū)縣耕地撂荒率為14.32%;山區(qū)耕地撂荒率在省級(jí)尺度上呈現(xiàn)出南高北低的空間格局,其中,長(zhǎng)江流域一帶的山區(qū)耕地撂荒率最高,東北的長(zhǎng)白山區(qū)最低。
[Abstract]:Abandonment of cultivated land is the main phenomenon of land use change in the global mountain area at present. It has profoundly changed the structure of rural land use, agricultural landscape and the livelihood of farmers in mountainous areas, and has brought enormous ecological environment and social and economic effects. With the rapid rise of labor cost and the precipitation of rural labor force in China, agriculture in mountainous areas in China has been hindered by topography and mechanization, and arable land is facing a great risk of abandonment. More and more case studies and reports show that cultivated land abandonment in mountainous areas of China is becoming more and more serious. China has a large mountainous area and a large proportion of sloping farmland. The abandoned cultivated land is not only related to the rational use of agricultural land in mountainous areas and the formulation of sustainable development policy in mountainous areas, but also may cause food security problems. However, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation research at the national level. Therefore, this study carried out a large-scale sampling survey to estimate the abandoned scale of mountain counties in China, in order to provide a reference for the relevant policy formulation and the further study of arable land marginalization. The results showed that 78.3% of the 235 surveyed villages had cultivated land abandoned, and the rate of cultivated land abandoned in the whole country was 14.32 in 2014-2015, which was based on county sample statistics. The abandoned rate of cultivated land in mountainous areas shows a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north on the provincial scale. Among them, the abandoned rate of cultivated land in the mountainous areas in the Yangtze River valley is the highest, and in the Changbai Mountains in the Northeast is the lowest.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所陸地表層格局與模擬院重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);廣州地理研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃“973”項(xiàng)目(2015CB452706) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重大國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目(41161140352)
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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