【摘要】：農(nóng)村土地制度改革是走新型城鎮(zhèn)化道路的內(nèi)在要求和必然選擇,其基本目標(biāo)是要實(shí)現(xiàn)土地收益分配公平與土地配置效率兼顧。土地制度包括土地所有權(quán)制度和土地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,二者有著不同的理論淵源,前者來自歐洲大陸法系,后者來自英美普通法系。中華人民共和國成立后,我國的土地制度框架是在馬克思主義所有權(quán)理論的指導(dǎo)下建立起來的,在某種程度上沿襲了歐洲大陸法系的原則。但大陸法系的土地所有制問題在于產(chǎn)權(quán)設(shè)置過于單一,難以調(diào)動(dòng)勞動(dòng)者的積極性,導(dǎo)致我國過去很長時(shí)間中農(nóng)村土地利用效率比較低。而源于英美法系的西方產(chǎn)權(quán)思想倡導(dǎo)土地產(chǎn)權(quán)私有化和明晰化,雖能實(shí)現(xiàn)土地的高效配置,卻無法解決土地集中和收益分配的兩極分化問題,也不適合我國的基本制度和國情。因此,未來農(nóng)村土地制度改革的出路在于,走土地所有權(quán)公有和土地產(chǎn)權(quán)明晰相融合的道路。這就需要建立和完善國家-集體兩級(jí)土地所有制,以及建立現(xiàn)代化的新型農(nóng)村土地合作社。前者是保障土地收益公平分配的制度基礎(chǔ),后者則是溝通土地公有和產(chǎn)權(quán)明晰的橋梁與組織基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The reform of rural land system is the inherent requirement and inevitable choice of the new urbanization road, and its basic goal is to realize the equity of land income distribution and the efficiency of land allocation. Land system includes land ownership system and land property right system. The former comes from the continental law system of Europe and the latter comes from the common law system of the common law system. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's land system framework was established under the guidance of Marxist ownership theory, and to some extent followed the principles of European continental law system. However, the problem of land ownership in civil law system is that the property right is too single to arouse the enthusiasm of laborers, which leads to the low efficiency of rural land use in the past. The western thought of property right, which originated from Anglo-American law system, advocates privatization and clarity of land property right. Although it can realize the efficient allocation of land, it can not solve the problem of polarization of land concentration and income distribution, nor is it suitable for the basic system and national conditions of our country. Therefore, the future reform of rural land system lies in the road of the combination of land ownership, public ownership and land property rights. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and perfect the state-collective land ownership system and to establish modern new rural land cooperatives. The former is the institutional basis for ensuring the fair distribution of land income, while the latter is the bridge and organizational foundation for the communication between the public ownership of land and the clarity of property rights.
【作者單位】： 中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院;中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院人口與勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：F321.1

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