【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,大量農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移到城市就業(yè)、經(jīng)商,農(nóng)村土地面臨著廣種薄收、棄耕甚至撂荒的巨大危機(jī),土地流轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,逐漸成為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新亮點(diǎn),并呈現(xiàn)流轉(zhuǎn)速度加快、流轉(zhuǎn)類型多樣的新態(tài)勢(shì)。本論文在回顧我國(guó)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度歷史變遷的基礎(chǔ)上,以信陽(yáng)市羅山縣為例,選取羅山縣土地流轉(zhuǎn)具有代表性的十二個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)作為樣本,通過(guò)查閱文獻(xiàn)、設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、實(shí)地走訪等方法,獲取了當(dāng)前羅山縣土地利用及土地流轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)狀的最新數(shù)據(jù),并以這些原始數(shù)據(jù)及典型案例為支撐,對(duì)羅山縣的土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式進(jìn)行了歸納概況。同時(shí),選取了農(nóng)民人均純收入變化指數(shù)、土地產(chǎn)出值變化指數(shù)等六項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo),運(yùn)用層次分析法(AHP)和熵權(quán)法為各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了組合賦權(quán),計(jì)算出了羅山縣三種主要土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效,并對(duì)此進(jìn)行了分析、評(píng)價(jià)和比較。本論文主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)200份有效調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的分析表明,在土地流轉(zhuǎn)農(nóng)戶中,絕大部分農(nóng)戶以轉(zhuǎn)出為主,轉(zhuǎn)入土地的農(nóng)戶較少。農(nóng)戶進(jìn)行土地流轉(zhuǎn)的積極性受到非農(nóng)收入、社會(huì)保障完善程度以及家庭可用勞動(dòng)力狀況的影響。(2)通過(guò)選取評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建了農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系,并采用層次分析法和熵權(quán)法對(duì)羅山縣的土地流轉(zhuǎn)績(jī)效進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)表明,不同的土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式,所帶來(lái)的諸如土地產(chǎn)出值、規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)面積、農(nóng)民收入等方面的績(jī)效也是不一樣的。具體表現(xiàn)在:農(nóng)戶之間自發(fā)流轉(zhuǎn)的得到的收益較低,土地產(chǎn)出值及規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)面積也相對(duì)較低。在集體組織流轉(zhuǎn)和股份合作流轉(zhuǎn)模式下,土地流轉(zhuǎn)的收益相對(duì)高一些,其中,以股份合作模式進(jìn)行的土地流轉(zhuǎn)各方面績(jī)效為最高。(3)影響農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的最主要因素,在于土地流轉(zhuǎn)能否提高農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)出值及土地利用效率、能否促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)以及是否能夠增加農(nóng)民收入。(4)根據(jù)羅山縣土地流轉(zhuǎn)中存在的流轉(zhuǎn)程序不規(guī)范、流轉(zhuǎn)市場(chǎng)不健全、流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)格偏低等制約因素,提出了以保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益、確保國(guó)家糧食安全和推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)為原則,明晰農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)主體、健全市場(chǎng)化流轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制、規(guī)范土地流轉(zhuǎn)程序、強(qiáng)化政府監(jiān)管與扶持、維護(hù)農(nóng)民土地權(quán)利等建議和對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating process of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural labor force transfer to urban employment, business, rural land is faced with widespread cultivation, abandoned or even abandoned a huge crisis, land circulation came into being. It has gradually become a new bright spot of rural economic development, and presents a new situation of quickening the speed of circulation and various types of circulation. On the basis of reviewing the historical changes of rural land transfer system in our country, taking Luoshan County of Xinyang City as an example, this paper selects twelve villages and towns that are representative of land circulation in Luoshan County as samples, and designs a questionnaire by consulting literature. Field visits and other methods to obtain the current Luoshan County land use and land transfer status of the latest data, and with these original data and typical cases as the support, Luoshan County land transfer model was summarized. At the same time, six economic indexes, such as per capita net income change index, land output value change index and so on, are selected, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method are used to combine each evaluation index. The economic performance of three major land transfer models in Luoshan County is calculated and analyzed, evaluated and compared. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the analysis of 200 effective questionnaires, it is shown that most of the farmers in the land circulation are mainly transferred out, and fewer farmers are transferred to the land. The enthusiasm of farmers for land transfer is affected by non-agricultural income, the degree of social security perfection and the status of available labor force. (2) the economic performance evaluation system of rural land circulation is constructed by selecting the evaluation index. The performance of land circulation in Luoshan County is evaluated by AHP and entropy method. It shows that different land transfer models bring different performance such as land output value, scale management area, farmers' income and so on. The main results are as follows: the income of spontaneous circulation among farmers is low, the value of land output and the area of scale management are also relatively low. Under the mode of collective organization circulation and share cooperation circulation, the income of land circulation is relatively high, among which, the performance of land circulation based on stock cooperation mode is the highest. (3) the most important factors affecting the economic benefits of rural land circulation. Whether land circulation can improve the value of rural land output and land use efficiency, whether to promote agricultural moderate scale management and whether it can increase farmers' income. (4) according to the process of land circulation in Luoshan County is not standard, Some restrictive factors, such as imperfect circulation market and low circulation price, are put forward as following: to protect farmers' rights and interests, to ensure national grain security and to promote modern agricultural construction, to clarify the main body of rural land property rights, and to perfect the market-oriented circulation mechanism. Standardizing land circulation procedures, strengthening government supervision and support, safeguarding farmers' land rights and other suggestions and countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F321.1

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本文編號(hào)：2233169