生態(tài)安全視角下的環(huán)京津貧困帶土地利用沖突時(shí)空演變研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 18:03
【摘要】：土地利用沖突研究是土地科學(xué)研究的前沿問(wèn)題,近30年來(lái)隨著城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的快速推進(jìn),中國(guó)土地利用格局發(fā)生劇烈變化,人與自然之間、生產(chǎn)與生活活動(dòng)之間以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部均存在不盡協(xié)調(diào)的矛盾,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與區(qū)域生態(tài)安全面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),土地利用沖突日益凸顯,如何應(yīng)對(duì)土地利用沖突成為區(qū)域土地利用與管理、生態(tài)保護(hù)等領(lǐng)域中亟待解決的問(wèn)題。本研究立足于生態(tài)安全和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求,基于生態(tài)安全視角,界定土地利用沖突概念與內(nèi)涵,借鑒生態(tài)學(xué)、地理學(xué)、土地科學(xué)等學(xué)科的相關(guān)理論與方法,構(gòu)建生態(tài)安全視角下的土地利用沖突識(shí)別、分類與強(qiáng)度測(cè)度方法體系,選取地處農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)帶兼具京津地區(qū)重要生態(tài)屏障和供水源地作用的環(huán)京津貧困帶作為研究區(qū),基于“3S”技術(shù),融合遙感影像、站點(diǎn)觀測(cè)、統(tǒng)計(jì)資料、實(shí)地調(diào)研等多源數(shù)據(jù),綜合運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、GIS空間分析、空間計(jì)量模型、地理加權(quán)回歸、最小累積阻力模型、Markov-CLUE-S等模型方法,系統(tǒng)分析生態(tài)安全視角下的土地利用沖突時(shí)空演變及其驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制,模擬未來(lái)不同情景下土地利用沖突空間格局,可為土地利用管理和生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提供科學(xué)依據(jù),也可為全球土地研究計(jì)劃提供典型區(qū)域案例,有助于豐富和擴(kuò)展土地變化科學(xué)的研究?jī)?nèi)容與應(yīng)用范圍。(1)根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外土地利用沖突研究的相關(guān)成果,基于生態(tài)安全視角,界定土地利用沖突概念與內(nèi)涵。生態(tài)安全視角下,土地利用沖突可理解為農(nóng)業(yè)耕作、經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)等人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)對(duì)生態(tài)安全空間的占用,主要表現(xiàn)為耕地、建設(shè)用地空間格局與生態(tài)安全空間之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、矛盾與不和諧的空間關(guān)系,即耕地、建設(shè)用地空間與生態(tài)安全空間之間的錯(cuò)配重疊。生態(tài)安全空間是指提供水源涵養(yǎng)、水土保持、防風(fēng)固沙和生物多樣性等重要生態(tài)功能以及對(duì)外界干擾具有特殊敏感性或潛在自然災(zāi)害影響,極易受到人類活動(dòng)影響而產(chǎn)生負(fù)面生態(tài)效應(yīng)的區(qū)域,按其對(duì)人類開發(fā)和干擾敏感程度可以劃分為不同等級(jí)。(2)立足于生態(tài)安全和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求,結(jié)合區(qū)域自然地理及資源環(huán)境特征,診斷區(qū)域主要生態(tài)過(guò)程與生態(tài)問(wèn)題,辨析區(qū)域關(guān)鍵生態(tài)過(guò)程和主導(dǎo)生態(tài)功能,借鑒生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線劃定技術(shù)方法,利用GIS技術(shù)及CASA、RUSLE、RWEQ、InVEST等生態(tài)學(xué)方法模型,進(jìn)行水源涵養(yǎng)、土壤保持、防風(fēng)固沙、生物多樣性保護(hù)等關(guān)鍵生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能重要性評(píng)價(jià)以及水土流失、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害敏感性評(píng)價(jià),構(gòu)建生態(tài)重要性、生態(tài)敏感性空間格局,助GIS空間分析功能,將生態(tài)重要性空間格局與生態(tài)敏感性空間格局進(jìn)行疊加,根據(jù)等級(jí)最高原則,運(yùn)用析取運(yùn)算法,提取生態(tài)重要性、生態(tài)敏感性等級(jí)最高的柵格單元,劃定生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線,作為生態(tài)源地,運(yùn)用最小累積阻力模型(MCR)構(gòu)建生態(tài)安全格局,劃分不同等級(jí)生態(tài)安全水平空間。根據(jù)人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)空間與不同等級(jí)生態(tài)安全水平空間的矛盾關(guān)系,辨識(shí)土地利用沖突的表征屬性特征及表現(xiàn)形式,判識(shí)土地利用沖突空間格局和類型,運(yùn)用判別矩陣構(gòu)建土地利用沖突分類體系。基于不同土地利用沖突類型的空間分布格局,劃定適宜的格網(wǎng),綜合集成專家打分、層次分析、綜合指數(shù)等方法模型,結(jié)合GIS疊置分析功能,構(gòu)建土地利用沖突強(qiáng)度綜合指數(shù),測(cè)度土地利用沖突強(qiáng)度。(3)綜合運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、空間分析、空間統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法模型分析環(huán)京津貧困帶土地利用沖突時(shí)空演變及其驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制。1985-2015年環(huán)京津貧困帶土地利用沖突時(shí)空分異特征顯著。①?gòu)耐恋乩脹_突類型方面來(lái)看,1985-2015年耕地沖突面積先增大后減小,耕地極嚴(yán)重、嚴(yán)重沖突主要分布于張家口壩上高原區(qū)、壩下西部地區(qū)和承德東部地區(qū),在張家口張北、沽源、萬(wàn)全、懷安、陽(yáng)原、蔚縣和承德平泉、承德縣境內(nèi)分布集中;建設(shè)用地沖突面積持續(xù)增大,建設(shè)用地極嚴(yán)重沖突分布較為分散,各區(qū)縣均為分布,嚴(yán)重、較嚴(yán)重沖突主要分布于張家口西部和承德南部地區(qū),在張家口萬(wàn)全、懷安縣和承德興隆、圍城縣呈現(xiàn)小規(guī)模集聚,并呈現(xiàn)向山區(qū)擴(kuò)展趨勢(shì)。②從土地利用沖突強(qiáng)度方面來(lái)看,1985-2015年耕地沖突強(qiáng)度先增大后減小,耕地重度沖突區(qū)主要分布于張家口壩下地區(qū),在張家口懷安、陽(yáng)原、蔚縣境內(nèi)集聚,并呈現(xiàn)向張家口西部、北部集聚趨勢(shì);高度、重度沖突區(qū)向壩上高原西部地區(qū)和承德東部地區(qū)集聚,集中分布于張家口康保、尚義縣和承德隆化、承德縣。建設(shè)用地高度、中度沖突區(qū)向市區(qū)及周邊區(qū)域集聚,集中分布于張家口橋東區(qū)、橋西區(qū)、宣化區(qū)、萬(wàn)全縣、懷安縣和承德雙橋區(qū)。③從土地利用沖突的地形梯度特征方面來(lái)看,耕地、建設(shè)用地沖突的地形梯度格局基本一致,低地形梯度區(qū)是耕地、建設(shè)用地極嚴(yán)重沖突和嚴(yán)重沖突的主要分布區(qū),該區(qū)域耕地、建設(shè)用地沖突強(qiáng)度差異顯著。(4) 土地利用沖突時(shí)空分異演變是自然地理環(huán)境、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素和政策因素共同作用的結(jié)果。在格網(wǎng)尺度上,地形條件、地理區(qū)位條件對(duì)土地利用沖突空間分異影響顯著,地形位指數(shù)、距主要河流的距離、距主要道路的距離、距縣城中心的距離、距鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中心的距離是影響土地利用沖突空間分異的關(guān)鍵因子;在縣域尺度上,有效灌溉率、自然災(zāi)害成災(zāi)率、人口密度、經(jīng)濟(jì)密度、城鎮(zhèn)化水平、第二三產(chǎn)業(yè)比重、農(nóng)民人均純收入、造林面積、生態(tài)退耕面積是耕地沖突強(qiáng)度時(shí)空分異的關(guān)鍵影響因子,人口密度、經(jīng)濟(jì)密度、城鎮(zhèn)化水平、地均固定資產(chǎn)投資、農(nóng)民人均純收入、路網(wǎng)密度、生態(tài)退耕面積、政策種類數(shù)是影響建設(shè)用地沖突強(qiáng)度時(shí)空分異的關(guān)鍵因子。(5)設(shè)計(jì)土地利用規(guī)劃、自然發(fā)展、生態(tài)保護(hù)、耕地保護(hù)4種土地利用情景,運(yùn)用Markov-CLUE-S模型模擬不同情景下土地利用沖突空間格局。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),不同區(qū)縣適宜采用不同的土地利用情景,崇禮縣適合采用土地利用規(guī)劃情景,蔚縣適合采用耕地保護(hù)情景,其余各區(qū)縣都適宜采用生態(tài)保護(hù)情景;不同地形梯度區(qū)的理想土地利用情景有所不同,第1-5級(jí)地形梯度區(qū)適宜采用土地利用規(guī)劃情景,第5-10級(jí)地形梯度區(qū)適宜采用自然發(fā)展情景,第11-15級(jí)地形梯度區(qū)四種土地利用情景下土地利用沖突強(qiáng)度不存在明顯差別。本研究從柵格、格網(wǎng)、縣域行政單元尺度,開展生態(tài)安全視角下的環(huán)京津貧困帶土地利用沖突研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)了土地利用沖突研究的定量化、定位化和精確化,為區(qū)域土地資源管理、生態(tài)安全保障和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Land use conflict research is a frontier issue in land science research. With the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization in the past 30 years, the land use pattern in China has undergone drastic changes. There are inconsistent contradictions between man and nature, between production and life activities and within the ecosystem, and between the sustainable development of economy and society and regions. Regional ecological security is facing severe challenges and land use conflicts are becoming increasingly prominent. How to deal with land use conflicts has become an urgent problem in the fields of regional land use and management, ecological protection and so on. Concepts and connotations, drawing on the relevant theories and methods of ecology, geography, land science and other disciplines, the land use conflict identification, classification and intensity measurement method system from the perspective of ecological security is constructed. The poverty-stricken zone around Beijing and Tianjin, located in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, is selected as the study area, which has the function of both the important ecological barrier and the water supply source. Based on the "3S" technology, the spatial and temporal evolution of land use conflict under the perspective of ecological security and its relationship with ecological security are systematically analyzed by using mathematical statistics, GIS spatial analysis, spatial econometric model, geographically weighted regression, minimum cumulative resistance model, Markov-CLUE-S and other models. Driving mechanism, simulating the spatial pattern of land use conflict under different scenarios in the future, can provide scientific basis for land use management and ecological infrastructure construction, and can also provide typical regional cases for global land research projects, which will help to enrich and expand the research content and application scope of land change science. (1) According to land interests at home and abroad. From the perspective of ecological security, land use conflict can be interpreted as the occupancy of ecological security space by human economic activities such as agricultural cultivation and economic construction, mainly between cultivated land, construction land spatial pattern and ecological security space. Competition, contradiction and disharmonious spatial relations, i.e. the mismatch and overlap between cultivated land, construction land space and ecological security space. Areas affected by human activities and producing negative ecological effects can be divided into different levels according to their sensitivity to human development and disturbance. (2) Based on the actual needs of ecological security and coordinated development of ecological economy, combined with regional physical geography and resource and environmental characteristics, the main ecological processes and ecological problems of the region are diagnosed and analyzed. Regional key ecological processes and dominant ecological functions, drawing on the red line delineation technology of ecological protection, using GIS technology and CASA, RUSLE, RWEQ, InVEST and other ecological method models, the importance of key ecosystem services such as water conservation, soil conservation, wind and sand control, biodiversity protection, soil erosion and geological hazard sensitivity were evaluated. Establishing the spatial pattern of ecological importance and ecological sensitivity to help the spatial analysis function of GIS, superimposing the spatial pattern of ecological importance and ecological sensitivity, extracting the grid units with the highest ecological importance and ecological sensitivity by disjunction arithmetic according to the highest grade principle, and delimiting the red line of ecological protection. As an ecological source, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) is used to construct the ecological security pattern and divide the ecological security level space of different levels. Based on the spatial distribution pattern of different land use conflict types, the appropriate grid is delineated, and the models of expert scoring, hierarchical analysis and comprehensive index are integrated. Combined with the overlay analysis function of GIS, the comprehensive index of land use conflict intensity is constructed and the soil is measured. Land use conflict intensity. (3) Comprehensive use of mathematical statistics, spatial analysis, spatial statistics and other methods to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of land use conflict in the poverty-stricken areas around Beijing and Tianjin and its driving mechanism. The conflict area increases first and then decreases. The cultivated land is very serious. The serious conflict mainly distributes in the Zhangjiakou Bashang Plateau area, the western area under the dam and the eastern area of Chengde. Sudden distribution is more dispersed, districts and counties are distributed, serious, more serious conflicts are mainly distributed in the western Zhangjiakou and southern Chengde, in Zhangjiakou Wanquan, Huaian County and Chengde Xinglong, besieged counties show a small-scale agglomeration, and the trend of expansion to the mountains. 2 From the land use conflict intensity, 1985-2015 farmland conflict intensity. The serious conflict area of cultivated land mainly distributes under the Zhangjiakou dam, gathers in Huai'an, Yangyuan and Yuxian of Zhangjiakou, and tends to gather in the West and north of Zhangjiakou. Construction land height, moderate conflict zone to urban areas and surrounding areas, concentrated in Zhangjiakou Qiaodong District, Qiaoxi District, Xuanhua District, Wanquan County, Huaian County and Chengde Shuangqiao District. Gradient area is the main distribution area of cultivated land, construction land extremely serious conflict and serious conflict. The intensity of conflict between cultivated land and construction land in this area is significantly different. (4) The evolution of land use conflict is the result of the interaction of natural geographical environment, socio-economic factors and policy factors. The key factors affecting spatial differentiation of land use conflicts are topographic location index, distance from main rivers, distance from main roads, distance from county center, distance from town center, and distance from town center. The degree of urbanization, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the per capita net income of farmers, afforestation area and the area of ecological conversion are the key factors affecting the spatio-temporal differentiation of the intensity of cultivated land conflicts. Population density, economic density, urbanization level, land-per-capita investment in fixed assets, per capita net income of farmers, density of road network, area of ecological conversion of farmland, and number of policy types are the key factors affecting the construction of cultivated land (5) Four land use scenarios, including land use planning, natural development, ecological protection and cultivated land protection, were designed to simulate the spatial pattern of land use conflict under different scenarios using Markov-CLUE-S model. Utilizing land use planning scenarios, Yuxian is suitable for cultivated land protection scenarios, and other districts and counties are suitable for ecological protection scenarios; the ideal land use scenarios in different terrain gradient areas are different, the first-fifth terrain gradient area is suitable for land use planning scenarios, the fifth-tenth terrain gradient area is suitable for natural development scenarios, and the eleventh-eleventh-eleventh terrain gradient area is suitable for natural There is no significant difference in the intensity of land use conflict among the four land use scenarios in the 5-grade terrain gradient area.This study carried out land use conflict research in the poverty-stricken zone around Beijing and Tianjin from the perspective of ecological security at the scale of grid, grid and county administrative unit. Scientific basis is provided for resource management, ecological safety guarantee and coordinated development of ecological economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2
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本文編號(hào)：2229012
[Abstract]:Land use conflict research is a frontier issue in land science research. With the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization in the past 30 years, the land use pattern in China has undergone drastic changes. There are inconsistent contradictions between man and nature, between production and life activities and within the ecosystem, and between the sustainable development of economy and society and regions. Regional ecological security is facing severe challenges and land use conflicts are becoming increasingly prominent. How to deal with land use conflicts has become an urgent problem in the fields of regional land use and management, ecological protection and so on. Concepts and connotations, drawing on the relevant theories and methods of ecology, geography, land science and other disciplines, the land use conflict identification, classification and intensity measurement method system from the perspective of ecological security is constructed. The poverty-stricken zone around Beijing and Tianjin, located in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, is selected as the study area, which has the function of both the important ecological barrier and the water supply source. Based on the "3S" technology, the spatial and temporal evolution of land use conflict under the perspective of ecological security and its relationship with ecological security are systematically analyzed by using mathematical statistics, GIS spatial analysis, spatial econometric model, geographically weighted regression, minimum cumulative resistance model, Markov-CLUE-S and other models. Driving mechanism, simulating the spatial pattern of land use conflict under different scenarios in the future, can provide scientific basis for land use management and ecological infrastructure construction, and can also provide typical regional cases for global land research projects, which will help to enrich and expand the research content and application scope of land change science. (1) According to land interests at home and abroad. From the perspective of ecological security, land use conflict can be interpreted as the occupancy of ecological security space by human economic activities such as agricultural cultivation and economic construction, mainly between cultivated land, construction land spatial pattern and ecological security space. Competition, contradiction and disharmonious spatial relations, i.e. the mismatch and overlap between cultivated land, construction land space and ecological security space. Areas affected by human activities and producing negative ecological effects can be divided into different levels according to their sensitivity to human development and disturbance. (2) Based on the actual needs of ecological security and coordinated development of ecological economy, combined with regional physical geography and resource and environmental characteristics, the main ecological processes and ecological problems of the region are diagnosed and analyzed. Regional key ecological processes and dominant ecological functions, drawing on the red line delineation technology of ecological protection, using GIS technology and CASA, RUSLE, RWEQ, InVEST and other ecological method models, the importance of key ecosystem services such as water conservation, soil conservation, wind and sand control, biodiversity protection, soil erosion and geological hazard sensitivity were evaluated. Establishing the spatial pattern of ecological importance and ecological sensitivity to help the spatial analysis function of GIS, superimposing the spatial pattern of ecological importance and ecological sensitivity, extracting the grid units with the highest ecological importance and ecological sensitivity by disjunction arithmetic according to the highest grade principle, and delimiting the red line of ecological protection. As an ecological source, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) is used to construct the ecological security pattern and divide the ecological security level space of different levels. Based on the spatial distribution pattern of different land use conflict types, the appropriate grid is delineated, and the models of expert scoring, hierarchical analysis and comprehensive index are integrated. Combined with the overlay analysis function of GIS, the comprehensive index of land use conflict intensity is constructed and the soil is measured. Land use conflict intensity. (3) Comprehensive use of mathematical statistics, spatial analysis, spatial statistics and other methods to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of land use conflict in the poverty-stricken areas around Beijing and Tianjin and its driving mechanism. The conflict area increases first and then decreases. The cultivated land is very serious. The serious conflict mainly distributes in the Zhangjiakou Bashang Plateau area, the western area under the dam and the eastern area of Chengde. Sudden distribution is more dispersed, districts and counties are distributed, serious, more serious conflicts are mainly distributed in the western Zhangjiakou and southern Chengde, in Zhangjiakou Wanquan, Huaian County and Chengde Xinglong, besieged counties show a small-scale agglomeration, and the trend of expansion to the mountains. 2 From the land use conflict intensity, 1985-2015 farmland conflict intensity. The serious conflict area of cultivated land mainly distributes under the Zhangjiakou dam, gathers in Huai'an, Yangyuan and Yuxian of Zhangjiakou, and tends to gather in the West and north of Zhangjiakou. Construction land height, moderate conflict zone to urban areas and surrounding areas, concentrated in Zhangjiakou Qiaodong District, Qiaoxi District, Xuanhua District, Wanquan County, Huaian County and Chengde Shuangqiao District. Gradient area is the main distribution area of cultivated land, construction land extremely serious conflict and serious conflict. The intensity of conflict between cultivated land and construction land in this area is significantly different. (4) The evolution of land use conflict is the result of the interaction of natural geographical environment, socio-economic factors and policy factors. The key factors affecting spatial differentiation of land use conflicts are topographic location index, distance from main rivers, distance from main roads, distance from county center, distance from town center, and distance from town center. The degree of urbanization, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the per capita net income of farmers, afforestation area and the area of ecological conversion are the key factors affecting the spatio-temporal differentiation of the intensity of cultivated land conflicts. Population density, economic density, urbanization level, land-per-capita investment in fixed assets, per capita net income of farmers, density of road network, area of ecological conversion of farmland, and number of policy types are the key factors affecting the construction of cultivated land (5) Four land use scenarios, including land use planning, natural development, ecological protection and cultivated land protection, were designed to simulate the spatial pattern of land use conflict under different scenarios using Markov-CLUE-S model. Utilizing land use planning scenarios, Yuxian is suitable for cultivated land protection scenarios, and other districts and counties are suitable for ecological protection scenarios; the ideal land use scenarios in different terrain gradient areas are different, the first-fifth terrain gradient area is suitable for land use planning scenarios, the fifth-tenth terrain gradient area is suitable for natural development scenarios, and the eleventh-eleventh-eleventh terrain gradient area is suitable for natural There is no significant difference in the intensity of land use conflict among the four land use scenarios in the 5-grade terrain gradient area.This study carried out land use conflict research in the poverty-stricken zone around Beijing and Tianjin from the perspective of ecological security at the scale of grid, grid and county administrative unit. Scientific basis is provided for resource management, ecological safety guarantee and coordinated development of ecological economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2
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本文編號(hào)：2229012
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