【摘要】：農(nóng)民、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村問(wèn)題始終是影響我國(guó)發(fā)展的根本問(wèn)題,但三農(nóng)問(wèn)題的解決離不開對(duì)農(nóng)民土地權(quán)益的保護(hù)。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨自成立以來(lái)一直把保護(hù)農(nóng)民的土地權(quán)益作為自己的一項(xiàng)根本任務(wù)。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的歷史就是把馬克思主義基本原理同中國(guó)具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合、并實(shí)現(xiàn)馬克思主義中國(guó)化的歷史;在馬克思主義中國(guó)化過(guò)程中,產(chǎn)生了兩大理論成果:毛澤東思想和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系。以毛澤東為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心的第一代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體,始終把解決農(nóng)民的土地問(wèn)題作為中國(guó)革命和建設(shè)中的根本問(wèn)題,致力于保護(hù)農(nóng)民的土地權(quán)益,最終贏得了新民主主義革命和社會(huì)主義革命的勝利。改革開放以來(lái),黨中央依據(jù)我國(guó)現(xiàn)在處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本國(guó)情,創(chuàng)新了農(nóng)村土地制度,實(shí)行家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制,賦予農(nóng)民土地使用權(quán),并制定法律法規(guī)穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)關(guān)系,保障農(nóng)民的土地使用權(quán)。同時(shí)根據(jù)時(shí)代發(fā)展要求,鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民土地承包權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)。進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),必然會(huì)選擇城鎮(zhèn)化作為發(fā)展的途徑,農(nóng)村土地就必然會(huì)被征用。由于我國(guó)二元的城鄉(xiāng)土地制度,農(nóng)村土地要轉(zhuǎn)化為城市建設(shè)用地,農(nóng)地必須非農(nóng)化,而政府征地是農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化的唯一途徑。由于我國(guó)法律法規(guī)不健全,在征地過(guò)程中農(nóng)民土地權(quán)益經(jīng)常受到侵犯。征地程序不規(guī)范,農(nóng)地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過(guò)低,補(bǔ)償方式單一,被征地農(nóng)民缺乏就業(yè)和社會(huì)保障,最終導(dǎo)致被征地農(nóng)民失地又失業(yè)。有人主張,解決當(dāng)前農(nóng)民土地權(quán)益被侵犯問(wèn)題,最根本的是要土地私有化,即賦予農(nóng)民土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)。顯然這種觀點(diǎn)不可取,不符合中國(guó)的基本國(guó)情;保護(hù)農(nóng)民的土地權(quán)益必須在馬克思主義中國(guó)化理論思考下進(jìn)行。只有這樣,才能確保我們的事業(yè)始終沿著社會(huì)主義方向前進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:The problems of farmers, agriculture and rural areas are always the fundamental problems affecting the development of our country, but the solution to the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers cannot be separated from the protection of farmers' land rights and interests. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has taken the protection of farmers' land rights and interests as a fundamental task of its own. The history of the Communist Party of China is to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and to realize the history of Sinicization of Marxism; in the process of Sinicization of Marxism, Produced two major theoretical achievements: Mao Zedong thought and socialism with Chinese characteristics theoretical system. The first generation of central leading collectives, with Mao Zedong as the core, has always taken the land issue of the peasants as the fundamental problem in China's revolution and construction, and has devoted itself to protecting the peasants' land rights and interests. Finally won the new democratic revolution and the socialist revolution victory. Since the reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee has innovated the rural land system, implemented the household contract responsibility system, and granted farmers the right to use land in accordance with the basic conditions of our country, which is now in the primary stage of socialism, and will be in a long period of time. And formulate laws and regulations to stabilize the rural land contract management relationship, to protect the land use rights of farmers. At the same time, according to the requirements of the development of the times, farmers are encouraged to transfer the right to land contract management. In socialist modernization construction, urbanization will be chosen as the way of development, and rural land will be requisitioned. Because of the dual system of urban and rural land in our country, if rural land is to be converted into urban construction land, agricultural land must be converted from agricultural land to agricultural land, and the government requisition of land is the only way to convert farmland into agricultural land. Because of the imperfect laws and regulations of our country, farmers' land rights and interests are often infringed in the process of land expropriation. The procedure of land expropriation is not standardized, the compensation standard of farmland is too low, the compensation method is single, and the peasants who have been expropriated lack employment and social security, which leads to the loss of land and unemployment. Some people argue that to solve the problem that farmers' land rights and interests are infringed, the most fundamental thing is to privatize land, that is, to give peasants land ownership and right to use. Obviously, this view is not desirable and does not conform to the basic national conditions of China, and the protection of peasants' land rights and interests must be carried out under the consideration of Marxist Sinicization theory. Only in this way can we ensure that our cause will always advance in the socialist direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F321.1

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