【摘要】：耕地是人類生產(chǎn)與生活必不可少的自然資源,對(duì)保障糧食安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要作用。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展,我國(guó)耕地資源面臨著耕地?cái)?shù)量減少、耕地質(zhì)量下降等多方面問(wèn)題。土地整治是保護(hù)耕地資源與糧食安全的重要手段,在擴(kuò)大耕地規(guī)模、提高耕地質(zhì)量等層面獲得了卓越的成績(jī)。進(jìn)行土地整治耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)研究,將有助于保護(hù)和提高耕地質(zhì)量,達(dá)到耕地?cái)?shù)量、質(zhì)量、生態(tài)綜合保護(hù)的目標(biāo)。在我國(guó)積極實(shí)施土地整治和注重耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)的大背景之下,從耕地質(zhì)量、土地整治、建設(shè)水平下的土地整治耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)三個(gè)方面系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)和梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前基于土地整治的耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)研究相對(duì)缺乏,而且已有文獻(xiàn)中的土地整治耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)選取與常規(guī)的耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)類似,并未突出土地整治工程的特點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,厘清土地整治工程建設(shè)內(nèi)容以及不同工程類型是如何作用于耕地質(zhì)量的,形成建設(shè)水平視角下的土地整治耕地質(zhì)量研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。以各類整治工程對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量因素的影響為基礎(chǔ),首先明確評(píng)價(jià)總體思路和評(píng)價(jià)原則,然后選取了田塊規(guī)整度、田塊平整度、田塊集中連片程度、道路通達(dá)度、溝渠密度、防護(hù)林覆蓋率、電網(wǎng)覆蓋率共七項(xiàng)指標(biāo),再采用層次分析法確定各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)權(quán)重,最終依據(jù)前人研究與經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的分級(jí)區(qū)間,從建設(shè)水平視角構(gòu)建了完整的土地整治耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)估體系。本研究基于建設(shè)水平視角,選取江西省宜豐縣土地整治項(xiàng)目區(qū)作為研究區(qū)域,以項(xiàng)目區(qū)土地整治施工前和竣工后的航測(cè)影像、矢量圖、數(shù)字高程模型(DEM)為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),指標(biāo)測(cè)算采用景觀格局指數(shù)和廊道特征指數(shù)的方法,利用層次分析法確定權(quán)重,并使用綜合指數(shù)模型測(cè)算耕地質(zhì)量最終得分,對(duì)比分析土地整治施工前和竣工后項(xiàng)目區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在建設(shè)水平視角下,除田塊集中連片度以外,各項(xiàng)耕地評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和耕地質(zhì)量綜合得分均屬于正向變化。從單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)上來(lái)看,田塊規(guī)整度由53.42下降至50.88,田塊平整度由0.89增加為0.93,田塊集中連片程度由0.17%下降至0.16%,道路連通度由59%增加至64%,溝渠密度由15.79 km/km2提升至22.43 km/km2,防護(hù)林覆蓋率由55.85%提升至64.17%,電網(wǎng)覆蓋率由1.46 km/km2增加至1.70 km/km2。在耕地質(zhì)量綜合得分方面,項(xiàng)目區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量綜合得分由整治前的60.59分提升為整治后的72.11分,提升了15.98%,提升效果顯著�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),土地整治工程的建設(shè)對(duì)項(xiàng)目區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量提升效果顯著,有利于項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)的耕地產(chǎn)能提升和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。雖然項(xiàng)目區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量得到改良,但是在工程實(shí)施中也存在著一定的問(wèn)題與不足。未來(lái)的土地整治在工程建設(shè)方面中應(yīng)當(dāng)注重旱地的治理、農(nóng)村道路和溝渠的合理設(shè)置以及景觀生態(tài)效益的提高,在耕地質(zhì)量方面應(yīng)當(dāng)全面綜合地提高各種工程建設(shè)水平,全面提升耕地質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is an indispensable natural resource for human production and life. It plays an important role in ensuring food security, ecological environment and sustainable development. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, China's cultivated land resources are facing many problems, such as the reduction of cultivated land quantity and the decline of cultivated land quality. Important means of food security have made outstanding achievements in expanding the scale of cultivated land and improving the quality of cultivated land.The study on the evaluation of cultivated land quality in land renovation will help to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land and achieve the objectives of comprehensive protection of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology.Actively implement land renovation and pay attention to the protection of cultivated land quality in China. Under the big background, this paper systematically summarizes and combs the related research from three aspects of cultivated land quality, land renovation and cultivated land quality evaluation of land renovation under the construction level. It is found that there is a relatively lack of research on cultivated land quality evaluation based on land renovation at present, and the index selection and evaluation of cultivated land quality in the existing literature are also discussed. The conventional evaluation of cultivated land quality is similar, but does not highlight the characteristics of land consolidation projects. On this basis, clarify the content of land consolidation projects and how different types of projects affect the quality of cultivated land, forming the theoretical basis for the study of cultivated land quality from the perspective of construction level. Based on the influence of factors, the general idea and principle of evaluation are defined firstly, and then seven indexes are selected, including field regularity, field flatness, field concentration, road accessibility, ditch density, shelter forest coverage and power grid coverage. Then the weight of each index is determined by AHP, and finally according to the previous research and economy. Based on the level of construction, the land improvement project area of Yifeng County in Jiangxi Province was selected as the research area, and the aerial survey images, vector maps and digital elevation model before and after the land improvement construction were taken as the research area. Type-D (DEM) is the basic data. Landscape pattern index and corridor characteristic index are used to calculate the index. The weight is determined by AHP, and the final score of cultivated land quality is calculated by comprehensive index model. The cultivated land quality of the project area before and after land consolidation construction is compared and analyzed. In terms of single index, the field regularity decreases from 53.42 to 50.88, the field flatness increases from 0.89 to 0.93, the field fragmentation decreases from 0.17% to 0.16%, the road connectivity increases from 59% to 64%, and the ditch density from 15.79%. Km / km 2 increased to 22.43 km / km 2, shelter forest coverage increased from 55.85% to 64.17%, power grid coverage increased from 1.46 km / km 2 to 1.70 km / km 2. Although the quality of cultivated land in the project area has been improved, there are still some problems and shortcomings in the implementation of the project. The future land consolidation should pay attention to Dryland in the project construction. In terms of the quality of cultivated land, we should comprehensively improve the construction level of various projects and the quality of cultivated land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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