發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 17:27

【摘要】：豬肉價格的波動對整個國民經(jīng)濟的影響很大,隨著豬肉價格的下降,受到傷害最大的就是小規(guī)模生豬養(yǎng)殖戶。小規(guī)模生豬養(yǎng)殖戶存在資金投入少、養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模小、技術(shù)水平低,其抗風險的能力較差,屬于相對弱小的群體。小規(guī)模生豬養(yǎng)殖戶對市場上的價格波動非常敏感,同時也受豬肉價格的波動影響較大。生豬的養(yǎng)殖成本對小規(guī)模的養(yǎng)殖戶尤為重要,直接影響到其收入。通過2004-2013年黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖成本效益統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),研究黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖成本效益的變動趨勢及影響因素,并提出降低養(yǎng)殖戶成本的對策建議。本文以成本收益理論、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟理論、比較優(yōu)勢理論為基礎,研究黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展的動因以及存在的問題的研究。主要從黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的具體情況、養(yǎng)殖布局、養(yǎng)殖品種三個方面闡述黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,加深對黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的狀況的了解。而黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展動因主要從環(huán)境需求、農(nóng)民的增收需求、消費者對豬肉品質(zhì)的需求以及政策需求這四個方面進行闡述,雖然有很多因素在促進黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展,但黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展還存在問題,主要是養(yǎng)殖資金的缺乏、利潤空間較小、技術(shù)人才缺乏等問題;黑龍江生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖成本變動分析是成本研究的重要內(nèi)容。而后對影響黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖效益的成本因素進行具體分析,分別挑選仔仔豬購買價格、勞動力價格、勞動力數(shù)量、精飼料價格、精飼料數(shù)量、防疫醫(yī)療費用、死亡損失費、銷售費用因素進行分析。選取多元線性回歸模型進行實證分析,分析結(jié)果表明:仔豬購買價格、銷售費用對每頭生豬成本純收益率有正向影響。而精飼料價格、勞動力價格對小規(guī)模每頭生豬成本純收益率對負向有影響。并提出降低黑龍江省生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖成本的對策建議,明確提出加快新品種的繁育與改良、拓寬飼料來源、加強現(xiàn)代畜牧科技在生豬小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖過程中的使用、創(chuàng)立新型的生產(chǎn)組織模式、創(chuàng)立并規(guī)范生豬小規(guī)模風險預防體系等對策建議。
[Abstract]:The fluctuation of pork price has a great impact on the whole national economy. With the decline of pork price, the biggest injury is the small-scale pig farmers. Small-scale pig farmers have small investment, small scale, low technical level, poor ability to resist risks, and belong to a relatively weak group. Small-scale pig farmers are sensitive to price fluctuations in the market, but also affected by the volatility of pork prices. Pig breeding cost is particularly important for small-scale farmers, directly affecting their income. Based on the statistical data of small scale breeding cost and benefit of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province from 2004 to 2013, the changing trend and influencing factors of the cost benefit of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province were studied, and the countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the cost of breeders were put forward. Based on cost-benefit theory, economies of scale theory and comparative advantage theory, this paper studies the status quo, development motivation and existing problems of small-scale pig breeding in Heilongjiang Province. This paper expounds the present situation of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province from three aspects: the concrete situation of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province, the distribution of breeding, and the breed of live pigs, so as to deepen the understanding of the situation of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province. The reasons for the development of small-scale pig breeding in Heilongjiang Province are mainly described from four aspects: environmental demand, farmers' income increase demand, consumers' demand for pork quality and policy demand. Although there are many factors to promote the development of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province, there are still some problems in the development of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province, such as the lack of breeding funds, the small profit space and the lack of technical personnel. The change analysis of small-scale breeding cost of Heilongjiang pig is an important part of cost research. Then the cost factors affecting the benefit of small-scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed, and the purchasing price, labor force quantity, concentrate feed price, quantity of concentrate and medical expenses of epidemic prevention were selected respectively. Death loss and loss, sales cost factors are analyzed. The multiple linear regression model was selected for empirical analysis. The results showed that the purchase price and sales cost of piglets had a positive effect on the net cost return rate of each pig. Feed prices, labor prices on the small-scale per pig's net rate of return on a negative impact. The countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the cost of small scale breeding of live pigs in Heilongjiang Province were put forward. It was pointed out that the breeding and improvement of new breeds should be accelerated, feed sources should be broadened, and the use of modern animal husbandry technology in the process of small scale breeding of live pigs should be strengthened. To establish a new production organization model and establish and standardize the small-scale pig risk prevention system and other countermeasures.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.3

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