【摘要】：發(fā)展中國家生計多樣化與土地利用變化及兩者間關(guān)系已成為人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注的問題。生態(tài)移民工程作為中央改善生態(tài)環(huán)境做出的重大決策,關(guān)系到遷入?yún)^(qū)人口、土地利用和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會變化,而對桂西北喀斯特生態(tài)脆弱與貧困連片交織這一特殊區(qū)域而言,研究其農(nóng)戶生計和土地利用變化的特點(diǎn)與規(guī)律,對實現(xiàn)移民初衷協(xié)調(diào)人地關(guān)系意義重大。論文以生態(tài)移民移入?yún)^(qū)——廣西環(huán)江縣大安鄉(xiāng)金橋村的20個屯為研究區(qū),利用參與式農(nóng)戶調(diào)查的多種工具,獲取生計與土地利用的第一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),劃分農(nóng)戶類型,構(gòu)建生計定量評價指標(biāo)體系,引用土地利用變化速率分析土地利用類型變化情況,選取價值形態(tài)的投入測度分析土地集約度的變化情況,并分析農(nóng)戶生計與土地利用變化間的影響關(guān)系,主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)不同類型農(nóng)戶生計資本與多樣性特點(diǎn)差異明顯:生計資產(chǎn)總值,非移民農(nóng)戶大于移民農(nóng)戶,一兼戶大于非農(nóng)戶大于二兼戶大于純農(nóng)戶;人力資本越豐富農(nóng)戶非農(nóng)程度越高,自然資本越高農(nóng)戶非農(nóng)程度越低;移民生計多樣化趨勢明顯,并表現(xiàn)出非農(nóng)程度越高生計多樣化越顯著,而非移民生計多樣性較強(qiáng)但穩(wěn)定性較差,且呈現(xiàn)出非農(nóng)程度與多樣化水平反向變化的現(xiàn)象,在新型勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移方面,移民積極性較高。(2)研究區(qū)土地利用變化顯著,玉米地、甘蔗地和水田面積減少,桉樹林和核桃林極速增多,桑園和果園面積均有所增加,非移民退耕趨勢更明顯;耕地集約水平持續(xù)升高,農(nóng)用地總體集約度降低;移民政策實施至今,移民農(nóng)戶已融入遷入?yún)^(qū)生產(chǎn)生活,并在種植業(yè)方面發(fā)生了從糧食作物向經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的轉(zhuǎn)變;土地細(xì)碎化程度較大,大規(guī)模的桉樹種植對當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境造成了不良影響,農(nóng)用地獲取和利用方式有待指導(dǎo)、規(guī)劃與管控。(3)金橋村農(nóng)戶土地耕種思想較為落后,土地利用模式固化,非農(nóng)勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移模式單一;農(nóng)戶人力資本和自然資本值越高,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)生計多樣化越明顯,但土地集約化水平越低;金融資本越高,越愿意加大生產(chǎn)資料的投入;在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件允許的情況下,農(nóng)戶更愿意在當(dāng)?shù)貜氖屡c農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的勞動;幫助農(nóng)戶發(fā)展多樣化的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營,提供新興農(nóng)作物的種植栽培技術(shù)指導(dǎo),探索當(dāng)?shù)胤寝r(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)移途徑,有利于提高當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)生活水平和幸福感。
[Abstract]:The relationship between livelihood diversification and land use change in developing countries has become a growing concern. As an important decision made by the central government to improve the ecological environment, the ecological migration project is related to the population, land use and economic and social changes in the immigration area. However, for the special area of karst ecological fragility and poverty in northwest Guangxi, It is of great significance to study the characteristics and laws of farmers' livelihood and land use change to realize the original intention of migration and coordinate the relationship between land and land. Taking the 20 villages of Jinqiao Village, Da'an Township, Huanjiang County, Guangxi, as the research area, the paper uses various tools of participatory peasant household investigation to obtain the first-hand data of livelihood and land use, and to divide the types of farmers. The quantitative evaluation index system of livelihood is constructed, the land use change rate is used to analyze the change of land use type, and the input measure of value form is selected to analyze the change of land intensity. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are significant differences in the characteristics of livelihood capital and diversity among different types of farmers: the total value of livelihood assets, non-immigrant farmers are larger than migrant farmers. The richer the human capital, the higher the non-agricultural degree, the higher the natural capital, the lower the non-agricultural degree. It also shows that the higher the non-agricultural degree is, the more significant the livelihood diversification is, while the more the non-immigrant livelihood diversity is, the less stable it is, and the phenomenon is that the non-agricultural degree is inversely changing with the diversification level. (2) the change of land use in the study area was significant, the area of corn field, sugarcane field and paddy field decreased, the eucalyptus forest and walnut forest increased rapidly, the area of mulberry orchard and orchard increased, and the trend of non-immigrant returning to farmland was more obvious. The intensive level of cultivated land continues to rise, and the overall intensity of agricultural land decreases. Since the implementation of the immigration policy, migrant farmers have been integrated into the production and life in the migration area, and the transformation from food crops to cash crops has taken place in the field of planting. Large scale eucalyptus planting has a negative impact on the local ecological environment, the way of obtaining and using agricultural land needs guidance, planning and control. (3) the idea of land cultivation of farmers in Jinqiao Village is relatively backward. The higher the value of farmers' human capital and natural capital, the more obvious the diversification of farmers' agricultural livelihood, but the lower the level of land intensification, the higher the financial capital. The more willing they are to increase the input into the means of production; where economic conditions permit, the farmers are more willing to engage in agriculture-related labour locally; and to help farmers develop diversified agricultural operations and provide guidance on planting and cultivation techniques for new and emerging crops. Exploring local non-agricultural transfer channels is beneficial to improve the production and living standard and happiness of local farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6;F321.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 ;中國土地資源戰(zhàn)略與區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展研究[A];中國土地資源戰(zhàn)略與區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展研究[C];2006年

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本文編號：2156623