本文選題：生態(tài)補(bǔ)償 + 資產(chǎn)組合�。� 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球生態(tài)環(huán)境日趨惡化,為改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,人們?nèi)找嬷匾暽稚鷳B(tài)服務(wù)功能。森林生態(tài)服務(wù)依托的載體是森林資源,森林資源作為公共產(chǎn)品具有典型的外部性,容易造成“搭便車(chē)”和“公地悲劇”現(xiàn)象。因此,生態(tài)補(bǔ)償作為生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)手段,可以有效地達(dá)到激勵(lì)人們保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的目的。我國(guó)林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)已進(jìn)入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新階段,生態(tài)補(bǔ)償使林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)收入從傳統(tǒng)的單一形式擴(kuò)展到多種形式。與此同時(shí),生態(tài)補(bǔ)償將會(huì)導(dǎo)致延遲采伐產(chǎn)生機(jī)會(huì)成本。如何在滿(mǎn)足生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)臈l件下,合理采伐林木和配置資產(chǎn),將成為林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)未來(lái)亟需解決的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)前,我國(guó)的森林生態(tài)補(bǔ)償政策的實(shí)施對(duì)僅象為公益林,公益林是限制采伐或禁止采伐的。然而,在國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家如挪威、芬蘭,在森林私有化的前提下,對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償和林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)擁有雙向選擇。因此,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展來(lái)看,研究生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制下林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)資產(chǎn)組合問(wèn)題,對(duì)我國(guó)而言具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。基于此,本文借鑒現(xiàn)有的理論和方法,引入資產(chǎn)組合理論,在滿(mǎn)足生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的約束條件下,構(gòu)建資產(chǎn)組合理論模型,對(duì)林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)資產(chǎn)組合問(wèn)題進(jìn)行仿真模擬研究,從而提出生態(tài)補(bǔ)償政策的制定與調(diào)整和林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)決策的建議與參考。文章主要運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)代投資組合理論,采用了文獻(xiàn)法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)據(jù)分析法、模型法和敏感性分析法,對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制下林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)資產(chǎn)組合相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了研究。通過(guò)對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償理論的研究,得出生態(tài)補(bǔ)償具有一定價(jià)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且生態(tài)補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的變動(dòng)會(huì)引起人們行為的改變,繼而對(duì)林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)資產(chǎn)組合進(jìn)行了研究,并詳細(xì)闡述了林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)資產(chǎn)組合的內(nèi)涵和投資工具的選擇。之后,運(yùn)用林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)資產(chǎn)組合模型求得在現(xiàn)有生態(tài)補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為7元/畝時(shí)的最優(yōu)資產(chǎn)組合,其中林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)占比76.21%,債券占比11.92%,股票占比2.81%,銀行存款占比9.05%。并對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)厭惡系數(shù)進(jìn)行了敏感性分析,從模擬結(jié)果可知,林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)最優(yōu)資產(chǎn)組合的構(gòu)成比例受這兩種因素變動(dòng)的影響。文章最后從政府,市場(chǎng),林業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體三個(gè)層面提出政策與管理建議。
[Abstract]:With the deterioration of the global ecological environment, people pay more and more attention to the forest ecological service function in order to improve the ecological environment.The carrier of forest ecological service is forest resources. As a public product, forest resources have typical externalities, which can easily lead to "hitchhiking" and "tragedy of the common land".Therefore, as an economic means of ecological environment protection, ecological compensation can effectively encourage people to protect ecological environment.Forestry management in China has entered a new stage of sustainable development. Ecological compensation has extended forestry management income from traditional single form to multiple forms.At the same time, ecological compensation will lead to delayed logging opportunity costs.How to rationally harvest trees and allocate assets under the condition of ecological compensation will be an urgent problem for forestry management in the future.At present, the implementation of forest ecological compensation policy in China is just like that of public welfare forest, which is restricted or prohibited.However, in foreign developed countries such as Norway and Finland, under the premise of forest privatization, ecological compensation and forestry management have a two-way choice.Therefore, in the long run, it is of great significance to study the portfolio of forestry management under the ecological compensation mechanism.Based on this, this paper uses the existing theories and methods for reference, introduces the portfolio theory, under the constraint condition of the ecological compensation mechanism, constructs the portfolio theory model, and carries on the simulation research to the forestry management asset combination problem.The suggestions and references of the formulation and adjustment of ecological compensation policy and the decision of forestry management are put forward.This paper mainly uses the modern investment portfolio theory, adopts the literature method, the questionnaire survey method, the data analysis method, the model method and the sensitivity analysis method, has carried on the research to the forestry management asset combination related content under the ecological compensation mechanism.Through the study of ecological compensation theory, it is concluded that ecological compensation has a certain price standard, and the change of ecological compensation standard will cause the change of people's behavior.And elaborated the forestry management asset combination connotation and the investment tool choice in detail.After that, the optimal portfolio of forestry management assets is obtained when the ecological compensation standard is 7 yuan / mu, in which the forestry management occupies 76.21%, the bond 11.92%, the stock 2.81%, the bank account 9.05%.Based on the sensitivity analysis of ecological compensation standard and risk aversion coefficient, it can be seen from the simulation results that the proportion of the optimal portfolio of forestry management is affected by the changes of these two factors.Finally, the paper puts forward policy and management suggestions from three levels: government, market and forestry management subject.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F326.2;F302.6

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