本文選題：土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：土地流轉(zhuǎn)　出處：《吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代初我國(guó)全面實(shí)施家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包經(jīng)營(yíng)責(zé)任制以來(lái),不僅在短時(shí)間內(nèi)激發(fā)了廣大農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性,還極大釋放了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力。但是隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化進(jìn)程加快,農(nóng)村青壯年勞動(dòng)力發(fā)生大量轉(zhuǎn)移,故傳統(tǒng)的細(xì)碎化農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的形勢(shì)。如果將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分離為獨(dú)立的土地承包權(quán)和土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)可作為抵押物實(shí)現(xiàn)融資,不僅可以使土地作為資本要素的屬性得到充分釋放,還可以促進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)速度加快,有利于規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)的發(fā)展。因此,2013年7月,習(xí)近平總書(shū)記明確提出,深化農(nóng)村改革,完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度,要好好研究農(nóng)村土地所有權(quán)、承包權(quán)、經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)三種之間的關(guān)系。之后,中央頒發(fā)了一系列文件,如《關(guān)于全面深化農(nóng)村改革加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的若干意見(jiàn)》、《關(guān)于引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)的意見(jiàn)》和《關(guān)于完善農(nóng)村土地所有權(quán)承包權(quán)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分置辦法的意見(jiàn)》等,文件中都明確的提出了土地承包權(quán)和土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的概念,提出農(nóng)村土地三權(quán)分置的改革思路,是一種新型農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度。但是三權(quán)分置作為新事物,不僅蘊(yùn)藏著新機(jī)遇,還在各部門(mén)和各領(lǐng)域中存在很多突出的新矛盾、新問(wèn)題、新挑戰(zhàn),需要我們認(rèn)真研究,能夠做出預(yù)判并防范存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究法、實(shí)證研究法和比較分析法等等,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)在不同時(shí)間的農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度進(jìn)行比較,認(rèn)為三權(quán)分置實(shí)施前、中、后三個(gè)階段都存在不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),諸如制度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、地權(quán)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)抵押風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、農(nóng)地過(guò)渡集中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、農(nóng)民權(quán)益風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等。本文對(duì)此進(jìn)行了深入分析,提出完善農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、科學(xué)推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化、尊重農(nóng)民意愿等對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the household contract management responsibility system in China in the early 1980s, it has not only stimulated the farmers' enthusiasm for production in a short period of time, but also greatly released the agricultural productivity. However, with the rapid development of the market economy, As a result of urbanization and accelerated industrialization in our country, a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor forces have been transferred. Therefore, the traditional fine-grained agriculture can no longer adapt to the current situation of economic development. If the land contract management right is separated into the independent land contract right and the land management right, the rural land management right can be used as collateral to realize financing. It can not only fully release the attribute of land as a capital element, but also speed up the circulation of rural land, which is conducive to the development of large-scale operation. Therefore, in July 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly proposed to deepen rural reform. To perfect the rural basic management system, we should study the relationship among the three kinds of rural land ownership, contract right and management right. After that, the central government issued a series of documents. For example, "opinions on comprehensively deepening Rural Reform and speeding up Agricultural Modernization", "opinions on guiding the orderly Circulation of Rural Land Management right to develop Agricultural moderate scale Operation" and < on perfecting Rural Land ownership. Opinions on the measures for separating the Management right of the contract right, etc., In the documents, the concepts of land contract right and land management right are clearly put forward, and the reform idea of rural land three rights division is put forward, which is a new type of farmland property right system. But as a new thing, the three rights separation right is not only a new opportunity, but also a new one. There are also many outstanding new contradictions, new problems, new challenges in various departments and fields, which require us to study carefully, to be able to make pre-judgment and to guard against existing risks. In this paper, through literature research, empirical research and comparative analysis, and so on, By comparing the farmland property right system at different times in China, it is concluded that there are different risks in the three stages before, during and after the implementation of the three rights division, such as system risk, market risk, land right risk, management right mortgage risk, etc. The paper makes a thorough analysis of the risks of the transition of farmland and the risks of farmers' rights and interests, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as perfecting the system of farmland property rights, scientifically promoting urbanization, respecting the will of farmers, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F321.1

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