本文選題：耕地質(zhì)量　切入點(diǎn)：質(zhì)量變化　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地是人類社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺的生產(chǎn)資料,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,生產(chǎn)建設(shè)不斷擠占耕地資源,特別是優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地資源,直接對(duì)糧食安全產(chǎn)生影響,這也要求資源的管理從數(shù)量管理向數(shù)量和質(zhì)量并重管理的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。因此,有必要時(shí)時(shí)掌握耕地的質(zhì)量及其分布狀況,2001年以來,邵武市開展了兩輪耕地質(zhì)量等別評(píng)價(jià)工作,掌握了兩個(gè)時(shí)點(diǎn)耕地質(zhì)量狀況。但是,要進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化耕地質(zhì)量管理,就必須開展耕地質(zhì)量變化調(diào)查研究,通過耕地質(zhì)量等別年度動(dòng)態(tài)更新及質(zhì)量變化分析,掌握現(xiàn)勢(shì)的、科學(xué)量化耕地質(zhì)量等別及其變化狀況,為有效保護(hù)耕地,實(shí)現(xiàn)耕地占補(bǔ)“數(shù)量-質(zhì)量-生態(tài)”平衡,為國(guó)土資源管理和改革提供技術(shù)支撐。本研究針對(duì)2011～2013年邵武市耕地占、毀、調(diào)、退、補(bǔ)的情況展開調(diào)查,采用因素法對(duì)這幾年質(zhì)量突變的耕地進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),形成了更為現(xiàn)勢(shì)性的成果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量狀況、空間分布、變化原因、耕地質(zhì)量變化限制因素進(jìn)行分析,并就此提出提高耕地質(zhì)量及加強(qiáng)耕地質(zhì)量管理的對(duì)策建議。研究得出以下幾方面的結(jié)論：1、利用GIS空間分析技術(shù),通過大量外業(yè)調(diào)查,摸清2011～2013年邵武市占、毀、調(diào)、退、補(bǔ)等產(chǎn)生耕地的質(zhì)量及空間變化情況,并形成更為現(xiàn)勢(shì)性的耕地質(zhì)量成果。2、邵武市耕地質(zhì)量分析結(jié)果表明：(1)邵武市耕地總體質(zhì)量較高,但仍受一些因素限制。耕地以良等地為主,主要集中在6-8等,占耕地總面積89.49%。主要限制因子是“田間道路通達(dá)度、排水條件、地形坡度”；(2)有一定的空間分布規(guī)律,但不斷發(fā)生變化。空間分布上,質(zhì)量較好的耕地主要集中在富屯溪沿岸沖積平原,以及和平、肖家坊山間盆谷地,質(zhì)量較低的耕地主要集中在西南部丘陵山地區(qū),而且隨著海拔高度的上升,耕地質(zhì)量有下降的趨勢(shì)。隨著占補(bǔ)的變化,耕地質(zhì)量及空間分布狀況也在改變；(3)整體耕地質(zhì)量變化不大,實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)量質(zhì)量雙平衡。三類指數(shù)基本與2010年持平。土地開發(fā)整理復(fù)墾項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的新增耕地平均利用等別7等,略高于建設(shè)占用耕地7.3等的水平；(4)耕地質(zhì)量提高的限制性因素多,仍有提高空間。從耕地質(zhì)量限制因素分析結(jié)果看,耕地開發(fā)、整理、復(fù)墾等均受多個(gè)因素限制,有的因素分值不高,耕地質(zhì)量仍有一定的提高空間。3、耕地質(zhì)量存在的主要問題是：(1)缺少5等以上的優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地,從限制因素看,邵武市整體耕地質(zhì)量仍有提高空間；(2)建設(shè)占用大量城鎮(zhèn)周邊的土壤肥力較好,等別較高的耕地,且在開發(fā)建設(shè)中沒有采取表土剝離等措施；(3)通過開發(fā)、整理、復(fù)墾等建設(shè),雖然增加或是提高了耕地質(zhì)量,但大多數(shù)因素仍沒有達(dá)到最優(yōu),需要通過技術(shù)手段提高,尤其是舊村復(fù)墾產(chǎn)生的新增耕地土壤肥力一般,質(zhì)量不高；(4)部分土地開發(fā)復(fù)墾新增耕地管理不到位,存在拋荒的情況。4、問題對(duì)策建議：(1)加大土地整理、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)力度,提高耕地質(zhì)量；(2)大力推行耕作層表土剝離搬移,提高舊村復(fù)墾新增耕地質(zhì)量；(3)嚴(yán)格耕地占補(bǔ)平衡管理制度,引導(dǎo)建設(shè)少占或不占優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地；(4)建立土地整治項(xiàng)目后期管護(hù)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制,多舉措提高農(nóng)民種田積極性。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a survey on the quality and distribution of cultivated land in Shaowu city in 2011 - 2013 , and then puts forward some suggestions on improving the quality of cultivated land and improving the quality of cultivated land . Terrain slope " ;
( 2 ) There is a certain regularity of spatial distribution , but constantly changing . The cultivated land with better quality is mainly concentrated in the alluvial plain of Futun River , and the cultivated land with lower quality mainly concentrated in the hills and hills of the southwest , and the quality of cultivated land decreased with the elevation of altitude .
( 3 ) The quality of the whole cultivated land is not large , and the double balance of the quantitative quality is realized . The three indexes are basically the same as those of the year 2010 . The average utilization of new cultivated land generated in the land development and rehabilitation project is 7 , etc . , which is slightly higher than that of the construction occupying the cultivated land 7.3 and so on ;
( 4 ) There are more restrictive factors for improving the quality of cultivated land , and there is still room for improvement . According to the analysis result of the quality limitation factor of cultivated land , the cultivated land development , arrangement , reclamation and so on are limited by a plurality of factors .
( 2 ) The construction occupies a large number of urban areas , the soil fertility is good , and the other is not higher than the cultivated land , and no topsoil stripping measures are adopted in the development and construction ;
( 3 ) Through the construction of development , arrangement , reclamation and so on , although the quality of cultivated land is increased or improved , most of the factors still haven ' t reached the optimum , which needs to be improved by means of technical means , especially the soil fertility of newly added cultivated land produced by the old village reclamation is general and the quality is not high ;
( 4 ) Some land development reclamation and new cultivated land management is not in place , there is a situation in which there is a shortage . 4 . The countermeasures of the problem are as follows : ( 1 ) Increase the land consolidation , high standard basic farmland construction and improve the quality of cultivated land ;
( 2 ) vigorously carry out the topsoil stripping and removal of the plough layer , and improve the quality of the newly added cultivated land in the old village ;
( 3 ) Strict cultivated land accounts for the management system of compensation and balance , and guides construction to occupy less or occupy high - quality cultivated land ;
( 4 ) To establish a long - term mechanism for the post - management of the land consolidation project , and to increase the enthusiasm of farmers .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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