【摘要】：20世紀末，在我國生態(tài)旅游以一種不同于大眾旅游的旅游形式被提出，目前已成為旅游發(fā)展的熱點。生態(tài)旅游作為一種實現(xiàn)旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理想模式，在新疆雖然起步較晚，但許多景區(qū)已進入了生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展的初始階段，而作為新疆旅游龍頭景區(qū)的喀納斯也不例外。 喀納斯是國家首批的5A級旅游風景區(qū)，具有豐富的生態(tài)旅游資源。隨著喀納斯旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，景區(qū)年接待旅游人數(shù)逐年增長，可由于規(guī)劃的原因，導致區(qū)域旅游基礎設施和接待能力嚴重不足，環(huán)境承載壓力巨大；在景區(qū)經營管理上，也存在發(fā)展目標不清晰、發(fā)展思路不明確、管理不規(guī)范等問題；同時人們更多關注旅游活動帶來的經濟效益，而忽視其社會效益和環(huán)境效益，致使喀納斯也步入了“先開發(fā)后治理”的旅游開發(fā)模式，區(qū)域面臨的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日益突出，這給喀納斯可持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來了嚴重的威脅。 本文從游客、旅游管理部門和當?shù)鼐用袢罄嬷黧w之間協(xié)調發(fā)展的角度出發(fā)，以生態(tài)學、旅游學及可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論等相關學科的知識為理論依據(jù)，詳細闡述了喀納斯景區(qū)生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展的過程和現(xiàn)狀；并依據(jù)景區(qū)三大利益主體的問卷調查和訪談所獲的數(shù)據(jù)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)喀納斯生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展中的問題和矛盾諸多，對研究區(qū)生態(tài)旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展構成阻礙。 經調查研究得出，影響喀納斯生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展的主要問題有：（1）旅游管理部門方面：政府管理體制混亂，，造成產權不清晰，直接損害當?shù)鼐用窈陀慰偷睦�；管理措施落后不完善，如在旅游旺季，無法調控游客在時間和空間上的高度密集化現(xiàn)象。（2）游客方面：在每年的7-9月份，景區(qū)游客數(shù)量嚴重超載；在旅游活動中，大部分游客的生態(tài)意識較強，但在實際行動中，游客對于景區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞仍然較嚴重，意識與行動不相符。（3）當?shù)鼐用穹矫妫河捎诮洕骝屖梗數(shù)鼐用窦奥糜谓洜I者失去了對于景區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境和民族文化的強烈保護意識，在一定程度上嚴重破壞了生態(tài)旅游環(huán)境，對景區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展起到消極影響。 針對上述問題，管理部門應該與時俱進，更新觀念，健全和完善景區(qū)的法律法規(guī)體系和管理制度，加強景區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護，促進景區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展；對游客應加強生態(tài)環(huán)保意識的教育與宣傳，促使游客的生態(tài)意識與旅游行為相一致，還應采取控制游客容量的合理措施；對當?shù)鼐用襁M行教育和宣傳，鼓勵他們積極參與喀納斯生態(tài)旅游的經營活動，使他們從中受益，以提高生態(tài)環(huán)境保護意識。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 20th century, ecotourism in our country was put forward as a form of tourism different from mass tourism, which has become a hot spot in the development of tourism. As an ideal mode to realize the sustainable development of tourism, ecotourism has started late in Xinjiang, but many scenic spots have entered the initial stage of ecotourism development, and Kanas, as the leading tourist spot in Xinjiang, is no exception. Kanas is the first class 5A scenic spot in China, with abundant ecotourism resources. With the rapid development of Kanas tourism, the annual number of tourists in the scenic spots increases year by year. Due to the reasons of planning, the regional tourism infrastructure and reception capacity are seriously inadequate, and the environment is under great pressure. In the management of scenic spots, there are also some problems, such as unclear development objectives, unclear development ideas, irregular management and so on. At the same time, people pay more attention to the economic benefits brought by tourism activities, but ignore its social and environmental benefits. As a result, Kanas has stepped into the tourism development mode of "development first and then governance", and the ecological and environmental problems facing the region are becoming increasingly prominent. This poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of Kanas. From the angle of harmonious development among tourist, tourism management department and local residents, this paper takes the knowledge of ecology, tourism science and sustainable development theory as the theoretical basis. The development process and current situation of ecotourism in Kanas scenic area are described in detail. Based on the questionnaire survey and data analysis of the three main interest subjects in the scenic area, it is found that there are many problems and contradictions in the development of Kanas ecotourism, which is an obstacle to the sustainable development of ecotourism in the research area. Through investigation and research, the main problems affecting the development of Kanas eco-tourism are: (1) tourism management departments: the government management system is chaotic, resulting in unclear property rights, directly damage the interests of local residents and tourists; Management measures are backward and imperfect, such as in the peak season of tourism, can not control the high concentration of tourists in time and space. (2) tourists: in July-September every year, the number of tourists in scenic spots is seriously overloaded; In the tourism activities, most tourists have a strong ecological awareness, but in the actual action, the tourists' ecological environment damage to the scenic area is still more serious, consciousness and action do not match. (3) the local residents: driven by economic interests, The local residents and tour operators have lost their strong sense of protection to the ecological environment and national culture of the scenic spots, seriously damaged the eco-tourism environment to a certain extent, and have a negative impact on the sustainable development of the scenic spots. In view of the above problems, the management department should keep pace with the times, renew the concept, perfect and perfect the system of laws and regulations and management system of the scenic area, strengthen the protection of the ecological environment of the scenic spot, and promote the sustainable development of the scenic spot; To the tourists, we should strengthen the education and publicity of the ecological environmental protection consciousness, promote the tourists' ecological consciousness and tourism behavior consistent, and take reasonable measures to control the tourist capacity; The local residents should be educated and propagated to encourage them to take an active part in the management of Kanas ecotourism so as to benefit them so as to raise the awareness of ecological environment protection.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F592.7

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