本文選題：船公司 + 航線成本　； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)際集裝箱航運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)近幾年雖然業(yè)務(wù)量有所恢復(fù),但整體集裝箱市場(chǎng)運(yùn)力仍處于過(guò)剩狀態(tài)。運(yùn)力過(guò)剩導(dǎo)致了行業(yè)內(nèi)激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng),據(jù)悉,2013年90%的全球班輪企業(yè)出現(xiàn)了不同程度的虧損。而在班輪業(yè)整體乏力的情況下,馬士基卻交出了盈利15億美元的逆勢(shì)業(yè)績(jī)。考察行業(yè)內(nèi)主要班輪公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況發(fā)現(xiàn),盈利的公司均在市場(chǎng)上建立了顯著的航線成本優(yōu)勢(shì),要改善班輪公司的效益,就要設(shè)法降低航線成本。作為全球領(lǐng)先的航運(yùn)服務(wù)提供商,C公司在船舶配置、市場(chǎng)份額等方面有較大的優(yōu)勢(shì),但隨著行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加劇,這些優(yōu)勢(shì)正在日益減弱,相比較行業(yè)巨頭馬士基,運(yùn)營(yíng)成本方面還是偏高。本文通過(guò)對(duì)C公司中歐航線最主要船隊(duì)FAL1的運(yùn)力、貨量的綜合分析,總結(jié)了目前FAL1運(yùn)營(yíng)成本方面存在的四個(gè)問(wèn)題:運(yùn)力富余、部分港口為無(wú)效港口、成本管控力度不夠、船速高于理想航速。結(jié)合航線成本的理論研究及FAL1成本方面面臨的問(wèn)題,文章針對(duì)性提出C公司降低航線成本主要從四方面分析降成本措施:1)合理提升船型,提高船舶規(guī)模效應(yīng);2)通過(guò)互換和聯(lián)營(yíng),提升船舶裝載率以降低船型升級(jí)增加的虧艙;3)通過(guò)航線干支線優(yōu)化組合,提升港口費(fèi)用效率,4)通過(guò)適當(dāng)減速以降低燃油成本。最后通過(guò)C公司成本改善措施的效果驗(yàn)證成本改善方法本身的實(shí)用性和有效性:首先,C公司通過(guò)將3艘18000TEU船舶投入FAL1航線使用,航線船型得以升級(jí),帶來(lái)航線單箱成本的節(jié)約;其次,通過(guò)聯(lián)盟之間的合作,用FAL1廈門艙位與S公司新加坡艙位互換,不增加�？扛鄣嵘凉M載率,可以解決船型升級(jí)后帶來(lái)的裝載率下降影響;第三,C公司在中歐航線上所經(jīng)過(guò)德國(guó)不萊梅,中國(guó)赤灣為相對(duì)無(wú)效的港口,取消這兩個(gè)港口停靠,貨物通過(guò)中轉(zhuǎn)港轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn);第四,港口優(yōu)化后在不影響船期情況下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)減速3%,油耗和碳排放量得以降低。在市場(chǎng)不可控、行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)愈加白熱化等現(xiàn)狀下,各大班輪公司都將目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向成本控制,必須尋求合適成本控制途徑和方法,以謀求整體效益的最大化。因此本文對(duì)于全球班輪企業(yè)C公司的成本優(yōu)化的研究,中歐航線成本每年約節(jié)省近1億美元,單箱成本降低17%,降成本效果較明顯,對(duì)其他全球班輪公司的成本優(yōu)化具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Although the international container shipping business has recovered in recent years, the overall container market capacity is still in a surplus state. Excess capacity has led to fierce competition in the industry, with 90 per cent of global liner companies reported losses of varying degrees in 2013. While the liner industry as a whole is weak, Maersk has turned a profit of $1.5 billion against the trend. After examining the operating conditions of the main liner companies in the industry, it is found that the profitable companies have established a remarkable superiority of airline cost in the market. To improve the efficiency of the liner companies, we must try to reduce the cost of the routes. As a leading shipping service provider in the world, company C has great advantages in ship configuration, market share, etc. But with the intensification of competition in the industry, these advantages are weakening day by day, compared with Maersk, the industry giant. Operating costs are still on the high side. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the capacity and volume of FAL1, the paper summarizes the four problems existing in the operation cost of FAL1: surplus capacity, invalid port and insufficient cost control. The ship's speed is higher than its ideal speed. Combined with the theoretical research of route cost and the problems faced by FAL1 cost, this paper puts forward that C Company mainly analyzes the measures of reducing route cost from four aspects: 1) to improve the ship form reasonably, and to increase the effect of ship size. Increase ship loading rate to reduce the increase of ship type upgrading lost cabin 3) by route trunk branch optimization combination, improve port cost efficiency 4) through appropriate deceleration to reduce fuel costs. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the cost improvement method are verified by the effect of cost improvement measures in C company. Firstly, by putting three 18000TEU ships into use on the FAL1 route, the shipping line type can be upgraded, and the cost savings of the single case of the route will be brought about. Secondly, through the cooperation between the alliance, using FAL1 Xiamen space and S company Singapore space exchange, do not increase the port of call but increase the full load rate, can solve the ship type upgrade after the load rate decline; The third company, China's Chiwan, is a relatively ineffective port through Bremen, Germany, on the China-EU route. The two ports are cancelled and the cargo is transshipped through the transit port. Fourth, The optimized port can reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions without affecting the shipping schedule. Under the situation that the market is out of control and the competition in the industry is becoming more and more intense, all the major liner companies turn to cost control, so we must seek suitable ways and methods of cost control in order to maximize the overall benefit. Therefore, the cost optimization of C Company, a global liner company, is studied in this paper. The cost of CEIBS airline is about 100 million US dollars per year, and the cost of single container is reduced by 17%, and the effect of cost reduction is obvious. Other global liner companies to optimize the cost of reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F552.6;F550.66

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本文編號(hào)：1899098