本文選題：煤貿(mào)中小企業(yè)　切入點：煤炭質(zhì)押融資　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2013年以來，受國內(nèi)宏觀經(jīng)濟增速放緩、國際經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇乏力的影響，煤炭市場供給整體相對寬松，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中各環(huán)節(jié)庫存壓力較大，下游耗煤需求不旺。同時，進口煤對國內(nèi)煤炭市場價格的產(chǎn)生較大沖擊，使國內(nèi)煤炭價格呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)下行的走勢。煤貿(mào)行業(yè)的中小企業(yè)盈利空間明顯壓縮，部分企業(yè)虧損加劇，信用環(huán)境惡化，在商業(yè)銀行形成大量風(fēng)險案件。部分商業(yè)銀行不得不采取收縮、退出的授信政策，使身處困境的煤貿(mào)中小企業(yè)雪上加霜。在此背景下，為解決商業(yè)銀行和煤貿(mào)中小企業(yè)面臨的信貸融資困境，本文主要采用文獻(xiàn)研究、案例分析、歸納演繹以及模糊綜合評價等方法，針對煤炭質(zhì)押融資這一新型融資產(chǎn)品的風(fēng)險識別方法及風(fēng)險控制措施進行了深入研究和探討，以期對改善煤炭貿(mào)易中小企業(yè)信貸融資問題提供一定的理論意義及實踐價值。 本文在詳盡介紹煤炭質(zhì)押融資業(yè)務(wù)的相關(guān)概念后，首先闡述了商業(yè)銀行向煤炭貿(mào)易行業(yè)中小企業(yè)發(fā)放以煤炭質(zhì)押為主要擔(dān)保方式的融資業(yè)務(wù)時所存在的信用風(fēng)險主要包括行業(yè)風(fēng)險、擔(dān)保風(fēng)險、道德風(fēng)險以及操作風(fēng)險等，并介紹了此類業(yè)務(wù)開展過程中，包括貸前調(diào)查、貸中操作以及貸后檢查等三個階段各自不同的風(fēng)險識別方法。其次，通過緊扣煤炭質(zhì)押融資業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險特點，適當(dāng)參考西方發(fā)達(dá)國家較為成熟的商業(yè)銀行信用風(fēng)險管理設(shè)計理念，并結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)有國情，從宏觀和微觀兩方面入手，為此類業(yè)務(wù)量身定制了具體的風(fēng)險管控措施。最后，本文分通過兩個煤炭質(zhì)押融資業(yè)務(wù)的實際案例為例，分析商業(yè)銀行在發(fā)展煤炭質(zhì)押融資業(yè)務(wù)過程中如何通過嚴(yán)格的貸前審查及完善的貸中、貸后管理，對具體業(yè)務(wù)中的信用風(fēng)險進行準(zhǔn)確識別和有效控制，做到此類業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險可控。從而較好的證明了，煤炭質(zhì)押融資業(yè)務(wù)是一種適合于煤貿(mào)中小企業(yè)的有效融資模式，不僅降低了融資企業(yè)和商業(yè)銀行所面臨的信用風(fēng)險，同時使得企業(yè)的閑置資源得到了有效利用，資金使用效率得以提高，，財務(wù)成本隨之降低，最終使其競爭力得到了增強；同時豐富了商業(yè)銀行針對中小企業(yè)的融資產(chǎn)品線，進一步加強了商業(yè)銀行在“融資脫媒”大環(huán)境下的競爭力。
[Abstract]:Since 2013, the coal market supply has been relatively loose, due to the slowdown of the domestic macroeconomic growth rate and the weak recovery of the international economy, the inventory pressure in each link of the industrial chain is relatively large, and the downstream coal consumption demand is not flourishing.At the same time, the imported coal has a great impact on the domestic coal market price, which makes the domestic coal price show a downward trend.The profit space of small and medium-sized enterprises in coal trade industry is obviously compressed, some enterprises' losses are aggravated, the credit environment deteriorates, and a large number of risk cases are formed in commercial banks.Some commercial banks have to take the credit policy of shrinking and withdrawing, making the plight of small and medium-sized coal trade worse.In this context, in order to solve the credit financing dilemma faced by commercial banks and small and medium-sized coal trade enterprises, this paper mainly adopts the methods of literature research, case analysis, inductive deduction and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, etc.In this paper, the risk identification method and risk control measures of coal pledge financing, a new type of financing product, are studied and discussed in order to provide certain theoretical and practical value for improving the credit financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises in coal trade.After introducing the related concepts of coal pledge financing business in detail,First of all, the paper expounds the credit risk existing when commercial banks issue financing business with coal pledge as the main guarantee to small and medium-sized enterprises in coal trade industry, including industry risk, guarantee risk, moral hazard and operation risk, etc.This paper also introduces three different risk identification methods in the process of this kind of business, including pre-loan investigation, loan operation and post-credit inspection.Secondly, according to the risk characteristics of coal pledge financing business, referring to the more mature commercial bank credit risk management design concept of western developed countries, and combining the existing situation of our country, starting from macro and micro aspects.Specific risk management measures have been tailored for this type of business.Finally, through two actual cases of coal pledge financing business, this paper analyzes how commercial banks manage after loan through strict pre-loan examination and perfect loan management in the process of developing coal pledge financing business.The credit risk in the specific business can be accurately identified and effectively controlled, and the risk of this kind of business can be controlled.Thus, it is well proved that the financing business of coal pledge is an effective financing mode suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises in coal trade, which not only reduces the credit risk faced by financing enterprises and commercial banks,At the same time, the idle resources of enterprises have been effectively utilized, the efficiency of capital use has been improved, the financial cost has been reduced, and finally the competitiveness of enterprises has been enhanced. At the same time, the commercial banks have enriched the financing product lines for small and medium-sized enterprises.It further strengthens the competitiveness of commercial banks in the "financing disintermediation" environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F426.21;F406.7

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