民航客運動態(tài)票價及市場應急方案研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-09 09:27
【摘要】：在民航客運業(yè)中飛機座位的潛在收益具有易逝性的特點，同時飛機的供給能力不易擴充和存儲，飛機起飛時沒有銷售出去的座位，其不能給航空公司帶來任何的收益，所以在售票過程中，價格就成為了航空公司應對市場競爭和需求波動的唯一手段。然而目前我國民航運輸業(yè)的定價機制相對落后，缺乏對機票價格的定價策略、定價機理和模型的適用性研究，折扣票價的幅度和折扣的開始時間也一般依經(jīng)驗來定，定價水平不高，不能夠滿足競爭日益激烈的民航客運市場需求。 針對我國民航客運市場面臨的激烈競爭和機票定價機制的落后現(xiàn)狀，本文首先對現(xiàn)有的基于非競爭環(huán)境下民航客運動態(tài)定價模型進行了優(yōu)化改進，在新建模型中設置了三個價格等級，并且直接將高低價格的變換時間點作為決策變量；隨后在此基礎之上，構建了一個只有兩家航空公司，并且各自提供兩個價格等級的競爭環(huán)境下動態(tài)定價模型，并探討了模型的邊界條件、性質和求解方法。在市場應急方案的研究中，根據(jù)相應的吞吐量完成情況，，建立了三級響應方案，確保完成吞吐量的增幅目標；本文最后通過民航客運機票定價實例對非競爭環(huán)境下動態(tài)定價和競爭環(huán)境下動態(tài)定價模型進行了驗證，并通過設置不同的對比條件來驗證各因素對收益的影響程度，得出如下結論： （1）在非競爭的航線上，在機票庫存量一定的情況下，隨著銷售時間的流失，航空公司的期望收益越來越少。 （2）在具有競爭的航線上，當兩家航空公司沒有銷售出去的機票數(shù)目相當?shù)臅r候，雙方機票高價格與低價格變換時間點也相近；當兩家航空公司沒有銷售出去的機票數(shù)相差較大的時候，高價格與低價格的變換時間點相差也較大。 （3）航空公司在銷售天數(shù)和剩余機票數(shù)一定的情況下，其機票銷售的價格等級越多，航空公司能夠獲得的期望收益也就相對越多。 （4）航空公司自身的高價格與低價格變換時間點受自身剩余機票數(shù)目的影響較大，受競爭對手剩余機票數(shù)目影響較小。
[Abstract]:In the civil aviation passenger transport industry, the potential benefits of aircraft seats are perishable, and the supply capacity of the aircraft is not easy to expand and store. The aircraft does not have a seat for sale when it takes off, so it cannot bring any benefits to the airlines. Therefore, in the process of selling tickets, prices have become the only means for airlines to cope with market competition and demand fluctuations. However, the pricing mechanism of China's civil aviation transportation industry is relatively backward, lacking of pricing strategy, pricing mechanism and the applicability of the model, the range of discount fares and the beginning time of discount are generally determined by experience. Pricing level is not high, can not meet the increasingly fierce competition of civil aviation passenger transport market demand. In view of the fierce competition and the backward situation of air ticket pricing mechanism in China's civil aviation passenger transport market, this paper firstly optimizes and improves the existing dynamic pricing model of civil aviation passenger transport based on non-competitive environment. Three price levels are set up in the new model, and the changing time points of high and low prices are taken as decision variables directly; then, on the basis of this, a single airline with only two airlines is constructed. The dynamic pricing model in the competitive environment of two price levels is provided, and the boundary conditions, properties and solutions of the model are discussed. In the research of the market emergency plan, according to the corresponding throughput completion, a three-level response scheme is established to ensure the completion of throughput growth target; Finally, this paper verifies the dynamic pricing model in the non-competitive environment and the dynamic pricing model in the competitive environment through the example of civil aviation passenger ticket pricing, and verifies the influence degree of each factor on the income by setting different contrast conditions. The conclusions are as follows: (1) on non-competitive routes, with the loss of sales time, the expected income of airlines is less and less. (2) on a competitive route, when the number of tickets sold by the two airlines is equal, the time points between the high price and the low price of the two airlines are similar; When the two airlines did not sell the number of tickets, the difference between high and low prices of the time difference. (3) when the number of days sold and the number of remaining tickets are fixed, the higher the price grade of airline ticket sales, the more expected income the airline can obtain. (4) the time point of high price and low price change of airlines is greatly affected by the number of their remaining tickets, and is less influenced by the number of remaining tickets of their competitors.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F562.5
本文編號：2258839
[Abstract]:In the civil aviation passenger transport industry, the potential benefits of aircraft seats are perishable, and the supply capacity of the aircraft is not easy to expand and store. The aircraft does not have a seat for sale when it takes off, so it cannot bring any benefits to the airlines. Therefore, in the process of selling tickets, prices have become the only means for airlines to cope with market competition and demand fluctuations. However, the pricing mechanism of China's civil aviation transportation industry is relatively backward, lacking of pricing strategy, pricing mechanism and the applicability of the model, the range of discount fares and the beginning time of discount are generally determined by experience. Pricing level is not high, can not meet the increasingly fierce competition of civil aviation passenger transport market demand. In view of the fierce competition and the backward situation of air ticket pricing mechanism in China's civil aviation passenger transport market, this paper firstly optimizes and improves the existing dynamic pricing model of civil aviation passenger transport based on non-competitive environment. Three price levels are set up in the new model, and the changing time points of high and low prices are taken as decision variables directly; then, on the basis of this, a single airline with only two airlines is constructed. The dynamic pricing model in the competitive environment of two price levels is provided, and the boundary conditions, properties and solutions of the model are discussed. In the research of the market emergency plan, according to the corresponding throughput completion, a three-level response scheme is established to ensure the completion of throughput growth target; Finally, this paper verifies the dynamic pricing model in the non-competitive environment and the dynamic pricing model in the competitive environment through the example of civil aviation passenger ticket pricing, and verifies the influence degree of each factor on the income by setting different contrast conditions. The conclusions are as follows: (1) on non-competitive routes, with the loss of sales time, the expected income of airlines is less and less. (2) on a competitive route, when the number of tickets sold by the two airlines is equal, the time points between the high price and the low price of the two airlines are similar; When the two airlines did not sell the number of tickets, the difference between high and low prices of the time difference. (3) when the number of days sold and the number of remaining tickets are fixed, the higher the price grade of airline ticket sales, the more expected income the airline can obtain. (4) the time point of high price and low price change of airlines is greatly affected by the number of their remaining tickets, and is less influenced by the number of remaining tickets of their competitors.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F562.5
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