本文關(guān)鍵詞：公路貨運(yùn)價(jià)格形成及規(guī)制研究　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 公路貨運(yùn) 形成機(jī)制 運(yùn)價(jià) 規(guī)制

【摘要】：公路貨物運(yùn)輸業(yè)是我國較早實(shí)行市場化改革的行業(yè)之一,在快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)也逐漸暴露出很多問題:由于貨運(yùn)市場進(jìn)出壁壘較低,運(yùn)輸從業(yè)者尤其是個(gè)體經(jīng)營者大量涌入,逐漸形成了過度競爭狀態(tài)。公路貨運(yùn)從業(yè)者之間的競爭多以價(jià)格為主,行業(yè)的利潤率很低,大多數(shù)運(yùn)輸從業(yè)者保本或虧本經(jīng)營的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)成為行業(yè)內(nèi)公開的秘密。這種因市場失靈形成的運(yùn)價(jià)不僅挫傷了運(yùn)輸從業(yè)者改善服務(wù)水平的積極性,也不利于行業(yè)大企業(yè)的形成與發(fā)展,長期下去必然影響行業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,需要政府采取相應(yīng)的措施予以改善。文章希望從公路貨運(yùn)市場價(jià)格形成機(jī)制角度出發(fā),通過實(shí)地調(diào)研進(jìn)行合理價(jià)格水平的研究來分析目前的運(yùn)價(jià)水平及問題,不僅可以為今后定價(jià)的研究提供一定的參考價(jià)值,也為規(guī)制貨運(yùn)市場的運(yùn)價(jià)提供了一些實(shí)際建議和數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。本文在對國內(nèi)外關(guān)于運(yùn)價(jià)形成機(jī)制和運(yùn)價(jià)規(guī)制等相關(guān)理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對我國貨運(yùn)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制、現(xiàn)價(jià)水平、合理價(jià)格水平和價(jià)格規(guī)制方法展開研究,進(jìn)行了深入詳細(xì)地闡述。分析了公路貨運(yùn)市場上目前的三種組織模式,對其價(jià)格體系及運(yùn)價(jià)構(gòu)成做了說明,將研究重點(diǎn)放在個(gè)體運(yùn)輸者層面。分析了運(yùn)價(jià)形成理論及各種定價(jià)方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),選用成本加成法作為個(gè)體運(yùn)輸者層面的定價(jià)方法。通過對比案例貨運(yùn)專線市場不同分線、不同車型和不同噸位的運(yùn)價(jià),發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用分線路市場的運(yùn)價(jià)說明整個(gè)市場的運(yùn)價(jià),故綜合案例專線貨運(yùn)市場的數(shù)據(jù)對其特定車型、特定貨物和特定噸位的成本進(jìn)行測算�？紤]到燃油價(jià)格的變動(dòng)對車輛的運(yùn)輸成本的影響較大,本文給出了單位運(yùn)輸成本的計(jì)算公式:y=0.0375x+0.3256,其中y表示單位運(yùn)輸成本,x表示燃油價(jià)格。綜合全國公路物流類18家上市公司2012-2014年的平均利潤率和這三年的市場五年無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存款率確定公路貨運(yùn)行業(yè)的合理回報(bào)率為6%,得到公路貨運(yùn)市場的運(yùn)價(jià)計(jì)算公式:y=(0.0375x+0.3256)(1+6%);在此基礎(chǔ)上測算出案例貨運(yùn)專線市場的合理運(yùn)價(jià)是0.63元/噸公里,但其實(shí)際運(yùn)價(jià)則是0.43元/噸公里,僅能補(bǔ)償其變動(dòng)成本。通過對西安—陜北專線貨運(yùn)市場運(yùn)價(jià)水平分析發(fā)現(xiàn):貨運(yùn)市場的現(xiàn)價(jià)在一年內(nèi)振幅很大但卻在時(shí)間段內(nèi)振幅很小;目前市場的價(jià)格是在過度競爭狀態(tài)下形成的,和合理價(jià)格水平相差很大,若此時(shí)對價(jià)格水平進(jìn)行規(guī)制則無疑是在保護(hù)過度競爭,所以應(yīng)從價(jià)格結(jié)構(gòu)角度進(jìn)行價(jià)格規(guī)制�？紤]到目前的市場價(jià)格問題主要是因?yàn)楦鱾�(gè)市場主體之間的信息不對稱造成的,本文主要從價(jià)格公示平臺(tái)的建立、嚴(yán)抓監(jiān)管倒逼落后退出、按區(qū)域性和貨種等角度對運(yùn)價(jià)的合理進(jìn)行了規(guī)制。
[Abstract]:Highway transportation is one of China's early implementation of market-oriented reforms in the rapid development of the industry, but also gradually exposed many problems: because the freight market entry barriers are low, especially the influx of transportation practitioners self-employed, gradually formed a state of excessive competition. The competition between road freight practitioners to price. Industry profit rate is very low, most of the capital or transportation practitioners operating at a loss phenomenon has become an open secret in the industry. This is formed because of the market failure rate not only dampened the enthusiasm of transportation practitioners improve the service level, is not conducive to the formation and development of the industry of large enterprises, long-term sustainable development will inevitably affect the industry. The government should take appropriate measures to improve. The hope from the price formation mechanism of highway freight market perspective, through on-the-spot investigation Study on the reasonable price level to analyze the price level and the present problems, can not only provide reference for the future pricing research, also provides some practical suggestions and data basis for the regulation of cargo market rate. Based on the relevant theoretical research on mechanism and regulation of the formation of freight rates both at home and abroad. According to China's freight price formation mechanism, the price level of reasonable price level and price regulation methods, in-depth detailed analysis. Three kinds of organization mode of current highway freight market, the price system and price structure are described, focusing on the individual level of transportation. The advantages and disadvantages of pricing theory and pricing method, the cost plus pricing method of individual transport level. By comparing the case of freight line Market Lines, different types and different tonnage rates can be found in line market rate indicating that the market price, so the comprehensive case of dedicated freight market data on the specific models, estimates of specific goods and special tonnage cost. Considering the influence of oil price changes on the transportation cost of the vehicle is large, is given in this paper the calculation formula of unit transportation cost: y=0.0375x+0.3256, which y said the unit cost of transportation, X said fuel prices. National highway logistics class of 18 listed companies, the average profit margin of 2012-2014 years and the three years the market for five years without risk of deposit rate to determine the reasonable return of highway freight industry rate was 6% and the formula of highway freight market rate: y= (0.0375x+0.3256) (1+6%); on the basis of reasonable freight calculate case of freight line market is 0.63 yuan / ton, but the actual price It is 0.43 yuan / ton, can only compensate the variable cost. Through the Xi'an Northern Shaanxi freight line market price level analysis: freight market price within a year of large amplitude but in time amplitude is very small; the current market price is in the form of excessive competition condition, and reasonable price the level of difference, if the price level regulation is excessive competition in the protection, so should the price structure point of price regulation. Considering the current market price is mainly because each market caused by asymmetric information, this paper from the establishment of price publicity platform, strict supervision of forced backward exit, according to regional and goods of freight of reasonable regulation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F542.5

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本文編號：1387922