本文選題：后發(fā)優(yōu)勢 + 先發(fā)優(yōu)勢　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2006年博士論文

【摘要】： 縱觀世界經(jīng)濟(jì)史,各國你追我趕的現(xiàn)象比比皆是。14世紀(jì),歐洲從最低點崛起并趕上中國;19世紀(jì)初,英國趕超荷蘭,成為世界上第一個實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的國家;比英國起步晚一百多年的美國,19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初替代英國登上了世界工業(yè)第一強(qiáng)國的寶座;日本在德川幕府時代趕上中國,在經(jīng)過兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的洗劫后,短短20年便又趕上德國等先進(jìn)的資本主義集團(tuán),成為第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國;20世紀(jì)60年代后,復(fù)興的亞洲(包括亞洲“四小龍”、中國、印度以及東盟等國家)大大縮小了與先發(fā)國家的差距,成為最有希望的后發(fā)國家……可見落后的國家不等于永遠(yuǎn)落后,后來居上的事例在歷史的舞臺上不斷的上演著。但是,這個世界上還有另外一組國家(共有168個國家,大約占世界人口的1/3),它們從1950—1973年黃金時代以來經(jīng)濟(jì)正在不斷趨于惡化①。在過去的1/4個世紀(jì)里,非洲人均水平完全停滯不前;拉丁美洲和許多亞洲國家的收入增長也是“步履蹣跚”,不但未能縮短與發(fā)達(dá)國家的差距,反而這一差距正在逐步擴(kuò)大,在全球化中有被“邊緣化”的趨勢。 綜合看來,后發(fā)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的趨勢無外乎兩種:一是通過發(fā)揮后發(fā)優(yōu)勢加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,縮短與先發(fā)國家的差距,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)追趕;二是由于后發(fā)劣勢的束縛使得經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展陷入停滯甚至逆轉(zhuǎn),與先發(fā)國家的差距進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。因此,可以肯定的結(jié)論有兩點:一是后發(fā)優(yōu)勢是客觀存在的;二是后發(fā)優(yōu)勢的實現(xiàn)是有條件的。 本論文的研究目的就在于試圖深入到紛繁的表象背后,揭示出后發(fā)國家后來居上的基礎(chǔ)和內(nèi)在機(jī)理,探索不同歷史時期后發(fā)優(yōu)勢的運(yùn)行規(guī)律。為什么當(dāng)今多數(shù)后發(fā)國家與先發(fā)國家間的貧富差距越拉越大,而少數(shù)后發(fā)國家卻能夠異軍突起,快速步入先發(fā)國家行列?這些少數(shù)國家的經(jīng)驗究竟如何去認(rèn)識和總結(jié)?是否具有推廣的價值?本文試圖探索出后發(fā)國家的最優(yōu)發(fā)展路徑,對后發(fā)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有一定的現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)意義。 本論文大致分五部分進(jìn)行論述。 第一章為后發(fā)優(yōu)勢理論綜述,回顧了后發(fā)優(yōu)勢理論的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),提出了目前國內(nèi)外后發(fā)優(yōu)勢理論研究當(dāng)中的一些不足之處,為本論文的研究指明了方向。 第二章是后發(fā)優(yōu)勢的理論假說部分。首先,根據(jù)后發(fā)優(yōu)勢的內(nèi)涵及特性,建構(gòu)了“后發(fā)優(yōu)勢——先發(fā)優(yōu)勢”三階段
[Abstract]:Throughout the world economic history, the phenomenon of countries chasing each other is everywhere. In the 14th century, Europe rose from the lowest point and caught up with China. At the beginning of the 19th century, Britain overtook the Netherlands and became the first country in the world to realize industrialization. More than 100 years after Britain started, the United States replaced Britain as the world's largest industrial power in the late 19th century and the early 20th century; Japan caught up with China during the Tokugawa shogunate, and after two world wars of looting, In just 20 years, they caught up with advanced capitalist groups such as Germany and became the second largest economic power in the 1960s. After the 1960s, Asia (including the "four Little Dragons" of Asia, China, India and other countries such as ASEAN) have narrowed the gap with first-mover countries and become the most promising latecomers. It can be seen that backward countries are not always backward. But there is another group of countries in the world (168 countries, about a third of the world's population) whose economies have been deteriorating since the golden age of 1950-1973. In the last quarter of a century, Africa's per capita level has stagnated completely, and income growth in Latin America and many Asian countries has been "faltering", not only to narrow the gap with the developed world, but to gradually widen it. There is a tendency to be "marginalized" in globalization. To sum up, there are no more than two trends of economic development in latecomer countries: one is to accelerate the economic development by exerting the advantages of latecomer, to shorten the gap between the developed countries and the first-developed countries, and to realize economic catch-up; The other is that the economic development is stalled or even reversed due to the restraint of the late inferiority, and the gap with the preemptive countries is further enlarged. Therefore, there are two certain conclusions: one is that the advantage of late development is objective, the other is that the realization of advantage of late development is conditional. The purpose of this paper is to try to go deep into the complicated appearance, to reveal the foundation and internal mechanism of the latecomer country, and to explore the running law of the late-development advantage in different historical periods. Why is it that the gap between the rich and the poor between most latecomers and first-mover countries is widening, while a few latecomers are able to jump into the ranks of first-mover countries? How can the experiences of these few countries be understood and summarized? Is it worth promoting? This paper attempts to explore the optimal development path of the latecomer country, which has certain practical guiding significance for the economic development of the latecomer country. This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter is a review of the theory of late advantage, reviews the development of the theory of late advantage, puts forward some deficiencies in the research of the theory of late advantage at home and abroad, and points out the direction of the research in this paper. The second chapter is the theoretical hypothesis of late-development advantage. First of all, according to the connotation and characteristics of the late-development advantage, the paper constructs three stages of "late-development advantage-first-mover advantage".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：F061.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1890645