本文選題：自利動機(jī) + 利他動機(jī)��； 參考：《學(xué)術(shù)月刊》2012年04期

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)人是對現(xiàn)實(shí)中的人的抽象,是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析的必要邏輯起點(diǎn)。新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的經(jīng)典假設(shè)認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)人是完全自利的,具有無限的計(jì)算能力,信息是完全的。顯然,這分別是對人的行為動機(jī)、行為能力和行為環(huán)境三重特征的抽象。但是,這種抽象是片面的,建基于其上的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論對一些經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象缺乏解釋力,產(chǎn)生了一些"異象"。實(shí)際上,行為人具有自利和利他二維正交的雙重動機(jī);行為能力受主客觀因素制約,從而具有固有的局限性;行為環(huán)境具有復(fù)雜性和不確定性,從而信息也是不可窮盡的。據(jù)此,可以重構(gòu)出一個"現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)人"假說。這一假說建立在認(rèn)知科學(xué)、神經(jīng)科學(xué)等自然科學(xué)的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上,它沒有武斷地假定永恒的人性特征;它抽象出了經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中人的三重特征的本質(zhì)屬性,并將新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)人作為特例納入其中。以其為假設(shè)前提構(gòu)建經(jīng)濟(jì)理論可以更好地解釋和預(yù)測經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,并且具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Economic man is the abstract of human in reality and the necessary logical starting point of economic analysis. The classical hypothesis of neoclassical economics holds that economic man is completely self-interested, with infinite computing power and complete information. Obviously, this is the abstraction of the triple characteristics of human behavior motivation, behavioral ability and behavioral environment. However, this kind of abstraction is one-sided, and the economic theory based on it lacks the explanatory power to some economic phenomena and produces some "anomalies". In fact, the actor has the dual motive of self-interest and altruism; the capacity of behavior is restricted by subjective and objective factors, which has inherent limitations; the behavior environment is complex and uncertain, so the information is inexhaustible. According to this, we can reconstruct a hypothesis of "realistic economic man". This hypothesis is based on the solid foundation of natural sciences such as cognitive science, neuroscience and so on. It does not assume the eternal human nature arbitrarily; it abstracts the essential attribute of the triple character of man in economic research. And the new classical economic man as a special case included in it. The construction of economic theory based on its hypothesis can better explain and predict economic phenomena and has important practical significance.
【作者單位】： 南開大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;
【基金】：國家社會科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀與實(shí)施知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略研究”(07AJY0011)的階段性成果
【分類號】：F091.33

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