本文選題：自然資源　切入點(diǎn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 二十世紀(jì)中期以來,隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的極大進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng),人們對(duì)自然資源的消耗劇增,提供自然資源的生態(tài)環(huán)境也遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,自然資源耗竭與經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)之間的矛盾日顯突出,引起了社會(huì)各界的普遍關(guān)注和憂慮。而中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)自改革開放以來也經(jīng)歷了近三十年的高速增長(zhǎng),這一增長(zhǎng)過程不可避免地伴隨著自然資源的巨大消耗,考慮到中國(guó)自然資源人均占有量相對(duì)較少及開發(fā)利用效率相對(duì)較低的國(guó)情,中國(guó)自然資源約束的問題更加顯得嚴(yán)重和緊迫。 在這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景下,本文以現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)理論與可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論為基礎(chǔ),討論了在自然資源的約束條件下,經(jīng)濟(jì)能否以及如何實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的問題。 我們將自然資源作為生產(chǎn)要素引入到最優(yōu)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的理論框架中,首先分析了自然資源約束下的新古典增長(zhǎng)模型,用以揭示自然資源對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的約束效應(yīng),論證了在一個(gè)既無人力資本積累,也沒有技術(shù)進(jìn)步的經(jīng)濟(jì)中,隨著自然資源的耗竭,經(jīng)濟(jì)將出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng),也就是說經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)是不可能的;隨后,通過構(gòu)建一個(gè)引入了自然資源要素的內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)模型,來考察人力資本積累及技術(shù)研發(fā)在克服自然資源約束中的作用機(jī)制,模型分析的結(jié)果表明,只要人力資本積累及技術(shù)研發(fā)有足夠高的效率,則經(jīng)濟(jì)就可克服自然資源的相對(duì)稀缺和不斷耗竭,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng)。 在理論模型的基礎(chǔ)上,我們以能源作為自然資源的代表變量,以中國(guó)1984-2006年的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,對(duì)中國(guó)自然資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。通過對(duì)實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)尚未受到自然資源的嚴(yán)重制約,這主要是因?yàn)槲镔|(zhì)資本和勞動(dòng)力的投入仍然是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基本源泉。然而,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng)卻是以能源的高消耗為代價(jià)的,這意味著若這一粗放型的增長(zhǎng)方式得不到根本轉(zhuǎn)變,則中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng),對(duì)此,盡管中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革、能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化調(diào)整和節(jié)能技術(shù)研發(fā)等方面做出反應(yīng),但反應(yīng)力度仍然是不夠的,特別是當(dāng)因體制和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整而帶來的資源利用效率的提高趨于平緩時(shí),技術(shù)的進(jìn)步在克服自然資源的稀缺中所起的作用就尤為重要了。 最后,基于以上理論模型的結(jié)論和實(shí)證結(jié)果的分析,我們給出了一些政策建議,并指出幾個(gè)可能的進(jìn)一步研究的方向。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of 20th century, with the great progress of social productivity and rapid economic growth, people's consumption of natural resources has increased dramatically, and the ecological environment that provides natural resources has also been seriously damaged. The contradiction between depletion of natural resources and sustained economic growth has become increasingly prominent, which has aroused widespread concern and concern from all walks of life. However, China's economy has experienced rapid growth for nearly 30 years since the reform and opening up. This process of growth is inevitably accompanied by enormous consumption of natural resources, taking into account the relatively small per capita share of natural resources and the relatively low efficiency of development and utilization in China. China's natural resources constraints are more serious and urgent. On the basis of modern economic growth theory and sustainable development theory, this paper discusses whether and how to realize sustainable growth under the constraint of natural resources. We introduce natural resources as a factor of production into the theoretical framework of optimal economic growth. Firstly, we analyze the neo-classical growth model under the constraint of natural resources to reveal the constraint effect of natural resources on sustainable economic growth. Demonstrates that in an economy without human capital accumulation or technological progress, with the depletion of natural resources, the economy will experience negative growth, that is, sustainable economic growth will not be possible; subsequently, By constructing an endogenous growth model which introduces natural resource elements to investigate the mechanism of human capital accumulation and technology development in overcoming the constraints of natural resources, the results of the model analysis show that, As long as human capital accumulation and technological research and development are efficient enough, the economy can overcome the relative scarcity and depletion of natural resources and achieve sustainable growth. On the basis of the theoretical model, we take energy as the representative variable of natural resources, and take the time series data of China from 1984 to 2006 as samples. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the relationship between natural resources and economic growth in China. Through the analysis of the empirical results, it is found that China's economic growth has not been seriously restricted by natural resources. This is mainly because the input of material capital and labor is still the basic source of China's economic growth. However, the rapid growth of China's economy is at the expense of high energy consumption. This means that if this extensive growth pattern is not fundamentally changed, it will be difficult for China's economy to achieve long-term sustainable growth, despite the fact that the Chinese economy has been reformed in the market economy. Energy consumption structure and industrial structure optimization and adjustment and energy saving technology research and development, etc., but the response is still not strong enough, especially when the improvement of resource utilization efficiency caused by system and structural adjustment tends to be levelling off. Technological advances play a particularly important role in overcoming the scarcity of natural resources. Finally, based on the conclusions of the above theoretical model and the analysis of the empirical results, we give some policy suggestions and point out several possible directions for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F061.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1636739