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中國地方政府債券安全發(fā)行規(guī)模研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-03-28 18:21

  本文選題:地方政府債券 切入點:市政債券 出處:《中共上海市委黨校》2014年碩士論文


【摘要】:我國雖然尚未正式允許地方政府公開發(fā)行地方政府債券,但是已經(jīng)開始進行試點。十八屆三中全會《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》中明確指出,允許地方政府通過發(fā)債等多種方式拓寬城市建設(shè)融資渠道,可見中央政府已經(jīng)開始積極籌備發(fā)展地方政府債券。在此背景下,對地方政府債券進行風險防范等安全性方面的研究顯得十分迫切,其中,安全發(fā)行規(guī)模是關(guān)鍵部分之一。 由于中國尚未開始發(fā)行真正意義上的地方政府債券,對于債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的研究無本國的經(jīng)驗可循,因此要確定中國地方政府債券的發(fā)行規(guī)模就需要借鑒國外地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的經(jīng)驗。本文選取了三個具有代表性的國家:美國、日本和波蘭,進行地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的分析。通過對這三個國家的地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模與政府債券總額、債券市場總規(guī)模、GDP、地方財政收入和總稅收等指標存在一定的比例關(guān)系,即地方政府債券的發(fā)行規(guī)模占政府債券總規(guī)模的35%左右,占債券市場總規(guī)模的比重約7.5%,占當年GDP的2.5%左右,占當年地方財政收入的15%左右;地方政府債券余額占當年GDP的比重保持在23.9%左右,占財政收入的120%左右;所有地方政府的債務(wù)限制在總稅收的60%等。本文將此類比例關(guān)系運用至我國的地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的計算,其中,考慮到目前中美債券市場的差異性較大,美國的債券市場中企業(yè)債券和金融債券的交易相當活躍,而目前在中國這些債券在債券市場中所占的比重很小,,因此本文認為通過債券市場總規(guī)模來計算的指標不具有參考意義,將其剔除。除了上述比例指標外,本文還結(jié)合了國際上通用的發(fā)展中國家地方政府債務(wù)警戒標準——債務(wù)負擔率和債務(wù)依存度。因此,本文根據(jù)以上具有代表性的國家的經(jīng)驗比例指標和國際通用的警戒指標計算出了一系列參考值,秉承審慎原則,在計算出的眾多參考值中選取較小的數(shù)值作為我國地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的參考依據(jù),即中國2013年的地方政府債券發(fā)行總額應(yīng)在8362.68億元左右,地方政府債券余額應(yīng)在66298.2億元左右。據(jù)審計署公布的2013年審計報告數(shù)據(jù)顯示,截至2013年6月底,地方政府負有償還責任的債務(wù)有108859.17億元。顯然,我國現(xiàn)有的地方政府債務(wù)總量已遠遠超過此處計算的地方政府債券理想規(guī)模,這說明在宏觀總量上需要嚴格控制地方政府債務(wù)總規(guī)模。但這并不意味著要否定地方政府發(fā)行債券的可行性,因為我國各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況參差不齊,全國地方政府債務(wù)總量巨大并不代表每個地方政府都負債累累,對于一些財政運行狀況良好的省市,例如上海,就應(yīng)當考慮賦予其發(fā)行地方政府債券的權(quán)利,因此全國地方政府債務(wù)總量的控制與允許某些地區(qū)發(fā)行地方政府債券并不矛盾,并不能因為全國地方政府債務(wù)總量過大就否定所有地方政府發(fā)行債券的權(quán)利。因此本文認為雖然全國地方債務(wù)總量較大,但是對于不同的省市需要區(qū)別對待,對于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況較好的省市應(yīng)當考慮賦予其發(fā)債權(quán)。 在宏觀上,通過上述指標比例法來估算中國地方政府債券的安全發(fā)行規(guī)模,操作簡便、直觀且易于判斷。在微觀上,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)還需要為各省市提供更加精確的測算方法來控制規(guī)模,輔助指標比例法,完善中國地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的測算體系。本文起初意圖找到關(guān)于地方政府債券的數(shù)理模型來分析中國各省市的地方政府債券的發(fā)行規(guī)模,但是美國、日本等國家是根據(jù)他們各自往年的經(jīng)驗逐漸摸索出適合他們自身的地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模,并沒有提出研究數(shù)理模型的需求,也就沒有現(xiàn)成的地方政府債券的數(shù)理模型可以借鑒。而我國如果開始發(fā)行真正意義上的地方政府債券,將是一個全新的探索,并沒有自身的歷史經(jīng)驗數(shù)據(jù)可借鑒,便無法像美、日那樣根據(jù)往年經(jīng)驗判斷安全發(fā)行規(guī)模。當下我國正處于探索地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的初始階段,需要借鑒一個科學可行的方法來估算安全規(guī)模保障地方政府債券初始階段的有效運行,以便在此基礎(chǔ)上不斷調(diào)整改進積累經(jīng)驗,逐漸形成我國自身的一套管理和控制地方政府債券發(fā)行規(guī)模的體系。于是,本文又改變了思路,從信用風險的角度出發(fā),發(fā)現(xiàn)可以借鑒和利用有關(guān)信用風險定量模型來精確量化各省市的地方政府債券的發(fā)行規(guī)模。于是,本文運用了適當改造后的KMV模型來研究地方政府債券的安全發(fā)行規(guī)模。并以上海市為例,運用計量方法回歸預測出2013年的上海市的地方財政收入,確定地方財政收入的擔保比例,運用上述改造后的KMV模型,得出2013年上海市地方政府債券發(fā)債規(guī)模在1356億元時,其違約率在0.4%之內(nèi),是安全的。 最后本文提出了相關(guān)政策建議,即應(yīng)當通過謹慎選擇發(fā)債主體、嚴格控制發(fā)債規(guī)模、建立公開透明的財務(wù)報告制度和信息披露制度、設(shè)立償債基金、建立地方政府債券擔保制度、完善與量化政府信用評級機制、建立地方政府債務(wù)風險預警與控制系統(tǒng)等多個方面,來完善各項地方政府債券發(fā)行的運行機制,以保障地方政府債券安全有效地運行。
[Abstract]:Although China has not yet formally to allow local governments to issue local government bonds to the public, but the practice has been carried out in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. "The CPC Central Committee on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues decision > clearly pointed out, to allow local governments to issue bonds through a variety of ways to broaden the financing channels of city construction, the central government has begun actively preparing for the development of local government bonds. Under this background, local government bonds on the security risk prevention is very urgent, the security issue size is one of the key parts.
Because China has not yet started offering the real meaning of local government bonds, the bond issuance experience of their own, so make sure the local government bonds Chinese requires foreign local government bond issuance experience. This paper selected three representative countries: the United States, Japan and Poland carries on the analysis, the local government bond issuance. Through the three countries, the local government bond issuance scale analysis, they found the local government bond issuance and the total amount of the bonds, the total size of the bond market, GDP, is a proportional relation index total tax of local fiscal revenue and the local government bonds the issuance of government bonds accounted for the total size of about 35%, proportion of the total size of the bond market is about 7.5%, accounting for about 2.5% of GDP, accounting for the local fiscal revenue Around 15%; local government bonds accounted for the proportion of GDP remained at about 23.9%, accounting for 120% of revenue; all local government debt limit in 60% of total tax revenue. This article will use the relationship between such proportion to China's local government bond issuance program, which, considering the difference the bond market is larger, the bond market in corporate bonds and financial bonds trading is very active, but in China these bonds in the bond market in the proportion is very small, so it could be calculated by the total size of the bond market index has no reference value, will be removed. In addition to the above proportion index in this paper, with the degree of dependence on international general developing countries local government debt warning standard -- debt burden and debt rate. Therefore, according to the above representative The experience of the national proportion index and international general warning indicators calculated a series of reference value, adhering to the principle of prudence, in a number of reference values calculated value selected smaller as our country's local government bonds issuing scale of reference, which is the amount of local government bonds issued Chinese in 2013 should be around 836 billion 268 million yuan, the local the balance of government bonds should be around 6 trillion and 629 billion 820 million yuan. According to the data released by the Audit Commission audit report in 2013 showed that as of the end of June 2013, the local government bears the responsibility to repay the debt of 10 trillion and 885 billion 917 million yuan. Obviously, the existing total local government debt in China has far exceeded the local government bonds here calculated ideal size, indicating a need to strictly control the total scale the local government debt in the macro aspect. But this does not mean to deny the feasibility of local government bonds, because each region of China by Economic development is uneven, the huge amount of local government debt does not mean that every local government debt, for some financial operation in good provinces, such as Shanghai, it should be given the right to issue local government bonds, so the total control of local government debt and allow some regions to issue local government bonds are not contradictory, and not because the total amount of the country's local government debt is too large to deny all local government bonds right. So this paper argues that although the total national debt is large, but for different provinces and cities need to be treated differently, for better economic development of the provinces and cities should be given the right to issuing bonds.
At the macro level, the security issue size, to estimate China local government bonds through the index proportion method is simple, intuitive and easy to judge. At the micro level, this paper found that also need to measure more accurate method to control the scale of the provinces, the proportion of Chinese auxiliary index method, improve the local government bond issuance estimation system at first. This paper intended to find a mathematical model about local government bonds of various provinces and cities Chinese local government bonds, but the United States, Japan and other countries are based on their previous experience and gradually worked out for their own local government bond issuance, and did not put forward the mathematical model of demand, there is no the mathematical model of local government bonds is available for reference. And if our country began to issue the real meaning of local government bonds, will be a full A new exploration, and no historical data itself can be used for reference, it can not be like the United States, Japan that based on past experience to judge the safety issue size. Now China is in the exploration of the local government bond issuance in the initial stage, needs to draw a scientific and feasible method to estimate the safe and efficient operation of local government bonds in the initial size of the protection the stage, on the basis of continuous adjustment and improvement of accumulated experience, and gradually formed our own set of management and control of the local government bond issuance system. So this paper has changed the idea of starting from the credit risk perspective, that can be used for reference and the credit risk quantitative model to accurately quantify the various provinces and cities the local government bonds. Thus, the safety issue of the size of this paper uses KMV model to study after the appropriate transformation of local government bonds. And above sea city An example, using econometric regression method predict the 2013 Shanghai local fiscal income, determine the local fiscal revenue guarantee proportion, using the KMV model of the transformation, the Shanghai city in 2013 local government bond issuance scale of 135 billion 600 million yuan, the default rate in 0.4%, is safe.
Finally, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions, which should be carefully chosen by issuers, strictly control the scale of bonds, the establishment of an open and transparent financial reporting system and information disclosure system, the establishment of a sinking fund, the establishment of local government debt guarantee system, improve the government's credit rating mechanism and quantitative aspects, establish the system of local government debt risk early warning and control so, to improve the operating mechanism of the local government bonds, local government bonds in order to ensure the operation is safe and effective.

【學位授予單位】:中共上海市委黨校
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:F812.5;F832.51

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