【摘要】：新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策是蘇俄在特殊的歷史背景下推行的救國(guó)政策,保護(hù)了蘇俄的勝利果實(shí),幫助國(guó)家渡過了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。盡管新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策過早的被終結(jié),但是其蘊(yùn)含的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義影響深遠(yuǎn)。研究新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,分析其出臺(tái)的歷史背景和理論淵源,剖析其內(nèi)容與實(shí)質(zhì),評(píng)析其歷史價(jià)值及局限性,以期揭示新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對(duì)我國(guó)發(fā)展和完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的啟示。本文首先從“十月革命勝利”后蘇俄內(nèi)憂外患的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情、列寧早期發(fā)展市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的思想、建國(guó)初期“戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策”的弊病及對(duì)“戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策”的反思等方面揭示了新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策出臺(tái)的背景及歷史必然性,分析其對(duì)我國(guó)進(jìn)一步完善經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的必要性。其次,從農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、流通業(yè)及對(duì)外開放等四個(gè)方面闡述了新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的主要內(nèi)容及對(duì)蘇俄當(dāng)時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、鞏固政權(quán)等方面的突出貢獻(xiàn)。從鞏固工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟及發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力、探索社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)與小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的結(jié)合點(diǎn)、開辟了社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的新道路等角度剖析了推行新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的目的和實(shí)質(zhì),豐富了其特有的內(nèi)涵,使人們對(duì)新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策產(chǎn)生全新的認(rèn)識(shí)。再次,運(yùn)用唯物辯證法客觀評(píng)析了新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對(duì)前蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的貢獻(xiàn)、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論突破及對(duì)其它現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)提供的經(jīng)驗(yàn);從理論體系不完善、政策自身的缺陷等方面分析了新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的歷史局限性,從實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)缺失、糧食稅政策的負(fù)面效應(yīng)及工作人員的粗暴執(zhí)法、高度集權(quán)的政治決策體制等方面分析了新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策終結(jié)的原因,為人們從多維度認(rèn)識(shí)新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策奠定了基礎(chǔ)。最后,立足我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情,結(jié)合我國(guó)改革開放后社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的確立過程等,以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律及社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)要求為依據(jù),利用大量統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),從農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、流通業(yè)及對(duì)外開放等四個(gè)方面分析了列寧新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對(duì)現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)發(fā)展和完善社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的方法論啟示,對(duì)我國(guó)繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持和完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制有一定借鑒價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The new economic policy is a national saving policy carried out by Soviet Russia under the special historical background. It protects the success of Soviet Russia and helps the country through the political and economic crisis. Although the new economic policy is terminated prematurely, its theoretical value and practical significance are far-reaching. This paper studies the new economic policy, analyzes its historical background and theoretical origin, analyzes its content and essence, and evaluates its historical value and limitation, in order to reveal the enlightenment of the new economic policy to the development and perfection of socialist market economy system in China. This article first from the "October Revolution victory" after the Soviet Union's internal and external problems of the reality of the situation, Lenin's early development of the market economy, The disadvantages of "wartime communist policy" at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the reflection on "wartime communist policy" reveal the background and historical inevitability of the new economic policy, and analyze the necessity of further perfecting the economic system in our country. Secondly, from four aspects of agriculture, industry, circulation and opening to the outside world, this paper expounds the main contents of the new economic policy and its outstanding contributions to the Soviet economic construction and the consolidation of political power at that time. From the angles of consolidating the alliance of workers and peasants and developing productive forces, exploring the combination of socialist economy and small-scale peasant economy, opening up a new road of socialist construction, this paper analyzes the purpose and essence of carrying out the new economic policy and enriches its unique connotation. So that people have a new understanding of the new economic policy. Thirdly, the contribution of the new economic policy to the socialist construction of the former Soviet Union is evaluated objectively by means of materialist dialectics, the theoretical breakthrough of the Marxist political economy and the experience provided to the economic construction of other realistic socialist countries are innovated. This paper analyzes the historical limitation of the new economic policy from the aspects of the imperfect theoretical system and the defects of the policy itself, including the lack of practical experience, the negative effect of the grain tax policy and the rough enforcement of the law by the staff. This paper analyzes the reasons for the end of the new economic policy from the aspects of the highly centralized political decision-making system and lays the foundation for people to understand the new economic policy from many dimensions. Finally, based on the reality of China's economic development entering into the new normal and the process of establishing the socialist economic system after China's reform and opening up, and based on the objective laws of economic development and the essential requirements of socialism, Based on a large number of statistical data, this paper analyzes the methodological implications of Lenin's new economic policy on the development and improvement of the socialist economic system in China at present from four aspects: agriculture, industry, circulation and opening to the outside world. For our country to continue to adhere to and improve the socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics has certain reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F091.92;F124

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