【摘要】：國(guó)際貿(mào)易自由化程度不斷提高，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家逐漸開始了自然資源和環(huán)境服務(wù)的進(jìn)口。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易已不僅僅是物物交換，更值得關(guān)注的是生態(tài)資本和環(huán)境空間的轉(zhuǎn)移。 改革開放以來(lái)，我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易不斷發(fā)展，特別是加入世貿(mào)組織以來(lái)發(fā)展迅速。2012年，我國(guó)成為第三大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易國(guó)，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易總額為1756.6億美元。2004年中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易首次出現(xiàn)逆差，并不斷擴(kuò)大，2012年貿(mào)易逆差為492.1億美元。日益擴(kuò)大的貿(mào)易逆差，引起了國(guó)家和社會(huì)普遍的高度重視。雖然貿(mào)易逆差會(huì)一定程度上增加國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的有效供給，平抑國(guó)內(nèi)物價(jià)；但同時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重沖擊，進(jìn)而阻礙農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，挫傷農(nóng)民的積極性，引發(fā)社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定因素。再加上的貿(mào)易壁壘不斷升級(jí)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的自然資源和環(huán)境瓶頸，使中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易可持續(xù)發(fā)展出現(xiàn)阻礙。 從生態(tài)角度看，，貿(mào)易逆差會(huì)輸入國(guó)外生態(tài)資本，保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境，有利于生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易中生態(tài)要素流的狀況是怎樣的，本文利用貿(mào)易生態(tài)足跡模型分析了1992-2012年中國(guó)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的可持續(xù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，并詳細(xì)分析了這一階段農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易生態(tài)足跡的態(tài)勢(shì)和結(jié)構(gòu)組成，得到結(jié)論：（1）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易由生態(tài)赤字轉(zhuǎn)生態(tài)盈余，并呈現(xiàn)擴(kuò)大態(tài)勢(shì)。（2）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易生態(tài)足跡結(jié)構(gòu)不均，但態(tài)勢(shì)向好。（3）各類生態(tài)生產(chǎn)性土地的生態(tài)足跡各有特色。耕地生態(tài)足跡凈值前階段赤字嚴(yán)重，后階段盈余突出；林地、草地生態(tài)以盈余為主，水域生態(tài)足跡則為凈輸出。 利用生態(tài)效率從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)視角綜合分析了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的可持續(xù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，表明出口生態(tài)效率大于進(jìn)口生態(tài)效率，國(guó)外生態(tài)資本的價(jià)格相對(duì)便宜，傾向于國(guó)外生態(tài)足跡輸入�？傮w來(lái)講，入世前，經(jīng)濟(jì)上可持續(xù)發(fā)展占主導(dǎo)，生態(tài)上缺乏可持續(xù)性，是用生態(tài)成本換取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益；入世之后，經(jīng)濟(jì)上可持續(xù)發(fā)展困難，生態(tài)上可持續(xù)性較好，是用經(jīng)濟(jì)利益換取生態(tài)效益。在貿(mào)易發(fā)展中，應(yīng)該尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的均衡點(diǎn)，更好的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)和生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 最后提出政策建議：（1）加強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展意識(shí)和環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的宣傳。（2）轉(zhuǎn)變貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)方式，重視進(jìn)口也要重視出口。（3）調(diào)整貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，降低生態(tài)資本流失，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。（4）科技興農(nóng)，發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)，提高生產(chǎn)效率。（5）提高科技含量，加強(qiáng)管理，應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易壁壘。（6）加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)全球共贏。
[Abstract]:With the increasing degree of international trade liberalization, developed countries have gradually begun to import natural resources and environmental services. Agricultural products trade is not only barter, but also the transfer of ecological capital and environmental space. Since the reform and opening up, China's agricultural trade has continued to develop, especially since China's accession to the WTO. In 2012, China became the third largest agricultural trade country, with a total of US $175.66 billion. In 2004, China's agricultural trade deficit appeared for the first time, and continued to expand, with a trade deficit of US $49.21 billion in 2012. The widening trade deficit has attracted the attention of the state and society. Although the trade deficit will increase the effective supply of domestic products to a certain extent and calm down domestic prices, at the same time, it will have a serious impact on the production and market of agricultural products in China, thus hindering agricultural production, discouraging the enthusiasm of farmers and causing social instability. Coupled with the continuous upgrading of trade barriers and the natural resources and environmental bottlenecks of agricultural products production, the sustainable development of agricultural products trade in China is hindered. From the ecological point of view, the trade deficit will import foreign ecological capital, protect the domestic ecological environment, and is conducive to ecological sustainable development. What is the situation of ecological factor flow in China's agricultural products trade? this paper analyzes the present situation of sustainable development of China's agricultural products trade from 1992 to 2012 by using the trade ecological footprint model, and analyzes in detail the situation and structure of the ecological footprint of agricultural products trade in this stage. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Agricultural products trade changes from ecological deficit to ecological surplus. (2) the structure of ecological footprint of agricultural products trade is uneven, but the situation is better. (3) the ecological footprint of all kinds of ecological productive land has its own characteristics. The deficit of the net ecological footprint of cultivated land was serious in the pre-stage, and the surplus in the later stage was prominent, while the ecological footprint of forest land and grassland was mainly surplus, while the ecological footprint of water area was the net output. This paper analyzes the present situation of sustainable development of agricultural products trade from the perspective of economics and ecology by using ecological efficiency, and shows that the ecological efficiency of export is higher than that of import ecological efficiency, and the price of ecological capital abroad is relatively cheap, which tends to import the ecological footprint of foreign countries. Generally speaking, before China's entry into WTO, economic sustainable development is dominant and ecologically lack of sustainability, which is to exchange ecological costs for economic benefits. After China's entry into WTO, economic sustainable development is difficult and ecological sustainability is good, which is to exchange economic benefits for ecological benefits. In the development of trade, we should seek the equilibrium point of economic and ecological sustainable development, and better promote the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward: (1) to strengthen the propaganda of sustainable development consciousness and environmental protection consciousness. (2) to change the mode of trade growth, to attach importance to import and export. (3) to adjust the structure of trade products, reduce the loss of ecological capital and promote the coordinated development of trade. (4) to develop agriculture through science and technology, to develop green agriculture and to improve production efficiency. (5) to improve the content of science and technology and strengthen management, Deal with trade barriers. (6) strengthen international cooperation to achieve global win-win.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X22;F323.7;F752

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