【摘要】：進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來(lái),人類社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)的種種能源危機(jī)已經(jīng)漸漸深入人心,而由于傳統(tǒng)化石燃料的燃燒而帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題也日益加劇,在此背景下,可再生能源的發(fā)展前景較為廣闊。風(fēng)能作為應(yīng)用最為廣泛,技術(shù)最為成熟的可再生能源,在我國(guó)有著長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。我國(guó)以風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量和風(fēng)電裝機(jī)增長(zhǎng)速度第一的身份成為風(fēng)電發(fā)展大國(guó),但是風(fēng)電發(fā)展中的問(wèn)題也暴露出來(lái),風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)難,稱風(fēng)電為“垃圾電”“棄風(fēng)”等現(xiàn)象屢屢發(fā)生,而這些現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)阻礙著我國(guó)風(fēng)電的健康發(fā)展。 論文通過(guò)總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究成果,以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中外部性這一理論為切入點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)風(fēng)電的正負(fù)外部性進(jìn)行歸類研究,將風(fēng)電的正外部性分為風(fēng)電的環(huán)境價(jià)值,風(fēng)電的社會(huì)價(jià)值和風(fēng)電的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,將風(fēng)電的負(fù)外部性分為風(fēng)電的社會(huì)成本和風(fēng)電的環(huán)境成本,并且針對(duì)每個(gè)方面選取不同的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量化研究,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)電的正負(fù)外部性量化的計(jì)算模型。 此后,論文以內(nèi)蒙古某典型風(fēng)電場(chǎng)為例,以前文建立的模型為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)風(fēng)電的正負(fù)外部性進(jìn)行測(cè)算,并且得出風(fēng)電的外部性價(jià)值很高、風(fēng)電的外部性涉及主體較多以及應(yīng)該合理將外部性內(nèi)部化的結(jié)論。然后,論文根據(jù)承受主體和釋放主體的不同,以外部性內(nèi)部化理論中“庇古稅”的方法為理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)正負(fù)外部性的不同方面進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的設(shè)計(jì),得出對(duì)風(fēng)電正外部性主要由政府給予補(bǔ)償,對(duì)風(fēng)電負(fù)外部性主要由風(fēng)電企業(yè)對(duì)相應(yīng)的承受主體進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)慕Y(jié)論,對(duì)由于外部性帶來(lái)的市場(chǎng)失靈和效率損失的問(wèn)題予以修正,為政府的政策制定提供相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21 century, the various energy crises in human society have gradually become popular, and the environmental problems caused by the burning of traditional fossil fuels are becoming more and more serious. The development prospect of renewable energy is relatively broad. As the most widely used and the most mature renewable energy, wind energy has a great development in China. China has become a large country in wind power development with the status of wind power installed capacity and wind power growth rate first. However, the problems in wind power development are also exposed. Wind power is difficult to connect to the grid, and wind power is often called "garbage electricity" and "abandoned wind power" and so on. The appearance of these phenomena hinders the healthy development of wind power in China. Based on the theory of externality in economics, this paper classifies the positive externality of wind power into the environmental value of wind power through summarizing the research results of related scholars at home and abroad, and classifying the positive externality of wind power into the environmental value of wind power through the classification of positive and negative externalities of wind power. The social value of wind power and the economic value of wind power are divided into the social cost of wind power and the environmental cost of wind power. To design the calculation model of positive and negative externalities of wind power. Then, taking a typical wind farm in Inner Mongolia as an example, the paper calculates the positive and negative externalities of wind power on the basis of the model established before, and concludes that the externality of wind power is very high. The conclusion that the externality of wind power should be internalized should be reasonable. Then, according to the difference between the subject of bearing and the subject of release, based on the method of "Pigou tax" in the internalization theory of externality, the paper designs the compensation mechanism in different aspects of positive and negative externalities. It is concluded that the positive externalities of wind power are mainly compensated by the government, the negative externalities of wind power are mainly compensated by wind power enterprises to the corresponding bearing bodies, and the problems of market failure and efficiency loss caused by externalities are corrected. To provide the corresponding economic basis for government policy making.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61;F224

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