大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場中自愿失業(yè)的成因與影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-09 18:25
【摘要】：近幾年，全球經(jīng)濟整體復(fù)蘇緩慢，中國經(jīng)濟的內(nèi)部和外部環(huán)境都面臨巨大壓力，中國整體就業(yè)形式緊迫，在這樣的大環(huán)境下，高校畢業(yè)生又逐年增加，再加上我國經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟增長方式的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)型，就業(yè)彈性隨之縮小，勞動力的需求明顯減少。高校畢業(yè)生在初次就業(yè)時的壓力越來越大，高校畢業(yè)生失業(yè)人群增多成為了全社會廣為關(guān)注的問題。在大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)群體中，存在著一個特殊的現(xiàn)象就是自愿性失業(yè)。 本文以高校畢業(yè)為研究對象進(jìn)行研究，共分為六部分內(nèi)容： 第一部分引言，介紹論文的研究背景及問題的提出、研究意義、研究方法、研究思路及創(chuàng)新之處，最后綜述國內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論，研究結(jié)論等；第二部分大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場中自愿失業(yè)的背景和現(xiàn)狀，詳細(xì)分析和介紹了高等教育的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、大學(xué)生就業(yè)的發(fā)展、中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場的關(guān)系、大學(xué)生就業(yè)存在的問題、以及大學(xué)生自愿失業(yè)的表現(xiàn)形式；第三部分大學(xué)生自愿失業(yè)成因分析，以供求平衡理論、勞動力市場分割理論、保留工資理論、搜尋成本理論、機會成本理論對大學(xué)生自愿失業(yè)的成因進(jìn)行解析；從社會學(xué)角度對大學(xué)生自愿失業(yè)的社會原因進(jìn)行分析；第四部分自愿失業(yè)群體對大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場的影響分析，分析了自愿失業(yè)群體對大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場的積極和消極作用，為正確解析自愿失業(yè)群體存在的作用提供闡述；第五部分對策建議，針對以上現(xiàn)狀、原因、機理的分析，，從自愿失業(yè)群體、政府、教育投資方三個角度提供可行性意見和建議；第六部分研究結(jié)論與不足，綜述本文的研究結(jié)論，提出未來研究展望。 通過以上研究，從經(jīng)濟學(xué)和社會學(xué)兩個角度分析了大學(xué)畢業(yè)生自愿失業(yè)的形成原因，主要得到以下幾個結(jié)論：大學(xué)畢業(yè)生選擇自愿失業(yè)是市場調(diào)節(jié)和社會環(huán)境綜合作用的結(jié)果；自愿失業(yè)的存在及其大小取決于勞動力供給曲線的位置；根據(jù)勞動力市場分割理論，大學(xué)生自愿性失業(yè)的重要原因在于我國存在分割的二元勞動力市場，勞動力不能完全自由流動；我國當(dāng)前大學(xué)畢業(yè)生自愿失業(yè)的機會成本較低也是導(dǎo)致自愿失業(yè)大量存在的原因之一；從人力資本投資角度來看，很多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生預(yù)期收益率降低，因此選擇自愿失業(yè)，因此從這方面來說，自愿失業(yè)也是一個理性的選擇；從社會學(xué)角度來說，中國當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展地域差異、職業(yè)等級差異、制度差異等現(xiàn)狀以及用人單位、大學(xué)畢業(yè)生本身、學(xué)校等方面也存在很多使得大學(xué)生選擇自愿失業(yè)的原因。 另外本文分析自愿失業(yè)群體對大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場的積極和消極影響，為正確解析自愿失業(yè)群體存在的作用提供闡述，為自愿失業(yè)合理化可行性意見和建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the overall recovery of the global economy has been slow, the internal and external environment of China's economy has been under tremendous pressure, and the overall employment forms in China are pressing. Under such a general environment, the number of college graduates is increasing year by year. In addition, with the adjustment of economic structure and the gradual transformation of economic growth mode, the employment elasticity shrinks and the demand of labor force decreases obviously. College graduates are under more and more pressure when they are employed for the first time, and the number of unemployed college graduates has become a widespread concern in the whole society. Among the unemployed group of college graduates, there is a special phenomenon of voluntary unemployment. The thesis is divided into six parts: the first part introduces the research background and problems of the thesis, the significance, the research methods, the research ideas and the innovation. In the second part, the background and present situation of voluntary unemployment in the employment market of college students are summarized, and the development status of higher education and employment of college students are analyzed and introduced in detail. The relationship between China's economic development and the employment market of college students, the problems existing in the employment of college students, and the manifestations of college students' voluntary unemployment; the third part analyzes the causes of the voluntary unemployment of college students, based on the theory of balance between supply and demand. The labor market segmentation theory, the retention wage theory, the search cost theory, the opportunity cost theory and the opportunity cost theory analyze the causes of college students' voluntary unemployment, analyze the social reasons of college students' voluntary unemployment from the angle of sociology. The fourth part analyzes the influence of the voluntary unemployment group on the college students' employment market, analyzes the positive and negative effects of the voluntary unemployment group on the college students' employment market, and provides an explanation for the correct analysis of the role of the voluntary unemployment group. The fifth part of the countermeasures and suggestions, in view of the above status, reasons, mechanism analysis, from the voluntary unemployment group, the government, education investors from three angles to provide feasible advice and suggestions; the sixth part of the research conclusions and deficiencies, The conclusion of this paper is summarized and the prospect of future research is put forward. Through the above research, this paper analyzes the causes of the voluntary unemployment of college graduates from the two angles of economics and sociology, and obtains the following conclusions: the choice of voluntary unemployment of college graduates is the result of the comprehensive effect of market regulation and social environment; The existence and size of voluntary unemployment depend on the position of labor supply curve, according to the theory of labor market segmentation, the important reason of college students' voluntary unemployment lies in the existence of divided dual labor market in China. The low opportunity cost of voluntary unemployment is also one of the reasons for the large number of voluntary unemployment. From the point of view of human capital investment, many college graduates expect a lower rate of return. Therefore, voluntary unemployment is also a rational choice in this respect. From a sociological point of view, China's current situation of regional differences in economic development, occupational grade differences, institutional differences, and employers, There are many reasons for college graduates to choose voluntary unemployment. In addition, this paper analyzes the positive and negative effects of the voluntary unemployment group on the employment market of college students, provides an explanation for correctly analyzing the role of the voluntary unemployment group, and provides some feasible suggestions and suggestions for the rationalization of voluntary unemployment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F249.21
本文編號：2233207
[Abstract]:In recent years, the overall recovery of the global economy has been slow, the internal and external environment of China's economy has been under tremendous pressure, and the overall employment forms in China are pressing. Under such a general environment, the number of college graduates is increasing year by year. In addition, with the adjustment of economic structure and the gradual transformation of economic growth mode, the employment elasticity shrinks and the demand of labor force decreases obviously. College graduates are under more and more pressure when they are employed for the first time, and the number of unemployed college graduates has become a widespread concern in the whole society. Among the unemployed group of college graduates, there is a special phenomenon of voluntary unemployment. The thesis is divided into six parts: the first part introduces the research background and problems of the thesis, the significance, the research methods, the research ideas and the innovation. In the second part, the background and present situation of voluntary unemployment in the employment market of college students are summarized, and the development status of higher education and employment of college students are analyzed and introduced in detail. The relationship between China's economic development and the employment market of college students, the problems existing in the employment of college students, and the manifestations of college students' voluntary unemployment; the third part analyzes the causes of the voluntary unemployment of college students, based on the theory of balance between supply and demand. The labor market segmentation theory, the retention wage theory, the search cost theory, the opportunity cost theory and the opportunity cost theory analyze the causes of college students' voluntary unemployment, analyze the social reasons of college students' voluntary unemployment from the angle of sociology. The fourth part analyzes the influence of the voluntary unemployment group on the college students' employment market, analyzes the positive and negative effects of the voluntary unemployment group on the college students' employment market, and provides an explanation for the correct analysis of the role of the voluntary unemployment group. The fifth part of the countermeasures and suggestions, in view of the above status, reasons, mechanism analysis, from the voluntary unemployment group, the government, education investors from three angles to provide feasible advice and suggestions; the sixth part of the research conclusions and deficiencies, The conclusion of this paper is summarized and the prospect of future research is put forward. Through the above research, this paper analyzes the causes of the voluntary unemployment of college graduates from the two angles of economics and sociology, and obtains the following conclusions: the choice of voluntary unemployment of college graduates is the result of the comprehensive effect of market regulation and social environment; The existence and size of voluntary unemployment depend on the position of labor supply curve, according to the theory of labor market segmentation, the important reason of college students' voluntary unemployment lies in the existence of divided dual labor market in China. The low opportunity cost of voluntary unemployment is also one of the reasons for the large number of voluntary unemployment. From the point of view of human capital investment, many college graduates expect a lower rate of return. Therefore, voluntary unemployment is also a rational choice in this respect. From a sociological point of view, China's current situation of regional differences in economic development, occupational grade differences, institutional differences, and employers, There are many reasons for college graduates to choose voluntary unemployment. In addition, this paper analyzes the positive and negative effects of the voluntary unemployment group on the employment market of college students, provides an explanation for correctly analyzing the role of the voluntary unemployment group, and provides some feasible suggestions and suggestions for the rationalization of voluntary unemployment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F249.21
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