【摘要】：住宅房地產(chǎn)市場出現(xiàn)波動的大背景下,我國的商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場出現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的勢頭。商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)指各種非生產(chǎn)性、非居住性物業(yè),其中既包括商業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)經(jīng)營場所也包括寫字樓、公寓、會議中心等。 政府在商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展過程中扮演了重要角色。研究商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展過程的政府角色,有利于進一步深化相關(guān)理論研究；有利于國家制定和完善相關(guān)商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)政策；有利于商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營決策和投資者解讀政策、理性投資。商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)源于西方,在功能上是作為“商業(yè)經(jīng)營”而存在的,是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,與人們對現(xiàn)代“城市”的功能認識密切相關(guān)。商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展在西方經(jīng)歷了工業(yè)革命后的興起、二戰(zhàn)后的緩慢發(fā)展,上世紀70年代至今的“盛行”三個階段。我國商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)從上世紀70、80年代開始,經(jīng)歷了起步、單一發(fā)展、多元發(fā)展、成熟四個階段,目前,成效顯著,主要表現(xiàn)在餐飲業(yè)的強勁發(fā)展、城市綜合體大規(guī)模興建、娛樂健身業(yè)的興起及公寓的興建等多個方面。 “政府角色”是“政府在行使公共權(quán)力過程中發(fā)揮的作用,是將政府人格化來定位其功能作用。它與政府的性質(zhì)、地位、權(quán)力、功能、職能、任務(wù)等緊密相關(guān),涉及政府的權(quán)力界限、功能范圍、行為方式等諸多方面”。在西方發(fā)達國家,雖然在一個時間段內(nèi),秉承“守夜人”的理念,政府較少對商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場干預(yù),但其后出現(xiàn)的“城市更新”理論卻為政府對商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場的干預(yù)提供了依據(jù)。相比較而言,在我國商業(yè)發(fā)地產(chǎn)發(fā)展進程中,作為土地的供應(yīng)者和政策的制定者,政府扮演了更為重要的角色,政角色的變化也更為明顯。 雖然目前我國商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場整體發(fā)展態(tài)勢良好,總體上處于供不應(yīng)求的局面,但在其背后,也有許多問題和挑戰(zhàn)需要解決和引起重視,包括空置嚴重、模仿抄襲、業(yè)態(tài)重復(fù)、經(jīng)營管理不力等。這些問題的出現(xiàn),除了商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)自身的經(jīng)營原因外,政府的角度定位也有值得檢討的地方,這些需要檢討的地方主要可以概括為三個方面,即：1、管理出發(fā)點模糊、管理方向存在偏差；2、管理權(quán)威性不足；3、管理的有效性不足。商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場發(fā)展對政府角色提出的新要求,結(jié)起來就是一句話,即：政府必須實現(xiàn)“管理”向“治理”的轉(zhuǎn)變。作為一個包容性極強的概念,“治理”基本內(nèi)容是指“在一個既定的范圍內(nèi)運用權(quán)威維持秩序,滿足公眾的需要。治理的目的是在各種不同的制度關(guān)系中運用權(quán)力去引導(dǎo)、控制和規(guī)范公民的各種活動,以最大限度地增進公共利益”。治理理論及善治目標的提出實際為當下我國政府的角色定位提供了一個嶄新而富有洞見的思路,對于商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場,治理理論的運用實際意味著三方面的變化：一是確立“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”的基本目標,糾正錯誤的“政績導(dǎo)向；二是完善法律法規(guī)與政策,強化商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場治理的權(quán)威性；三是回應(yīng)與創(chuàng)新,提升商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)市場治理的有效性。
[Abstract]:In the context of the fluctuation of the housing real estate market, the commercial real estate market in China has been developing vigorously. Commercial real estate refers to various non productive, non residential property, including business service business premises, including office buildings, apartments, conference centers and so on.
The government plays an important role in the development of commercial real estate. The study of the role of the government in the process of commercial real estate development is conducive to further deepening the relevant theoretical research; it is beneficial for the state to formulate and improve the relevant commercial real estate policy; it is beneficial to the policy of business real estate enterprises and investors to interpret the policy and invest rationally. Commercial real estate originates from the West and exists in function as "business operation". It is the product of modern commercial development. It is closely related to people's understanding of the function of modern "city". Commercial real estate development has experienced the rise after the industrial revolution in the West. The slow development after World War II, the "prevailing" three in the 70s of last century. From the 70,80 years of last century, China's commercial real estate experienced a start, a single development, multiple development, and four stages of maturity. At present, the results are remarkable, mainly in the strong development of the catering industry, the large-scale construction of the urban complex, the rise of recreational and fitness industry and the construction of apartments.
"Government role" is "the role played by the government in the exercise of public power. It is the role of the government to personalize its function. It is closely related to the nature, status, power, function, functions, tasks, etc. of the government, involving the limits of power, the scope of function, the way of behavior, etc." in the western developed countries, although in the western countries, In a period of time, in accordance with the concept of "night watchman", the government is less involved in the commercial real estate market, but the subsequent "urban renewal" theory provides a basis for the government to intervene in the commercial real estate market. In comparison, in the course of the development of China's commercial real estate, the supplier and policy maker of the land. The government has played a more important role, and the change of the role of government is more obvious.
Although China's commercial real estate market has a good overall development situation at present, it is in a short supply situation in general, but behind it, there are many problems and challenges that need to be solved and paid attention to, including serious vacancy, copying, duplication, poor management and so on. These problems appear in addition to the operation of commercial real estate itself. In addition, the government's point of view is also worthy of review, which can be summarized in three aspects: 1, the management starting point is fuzzy, the management direction is deviant; 2, the management authority is insufficient; 3, the effectiveness of management is insufficient. The new requirements of the commercial real estate market development to the role of the government have been put forward. In a word, the government must realize the transformation of "management" to "governance". As an inclusive concept, the basic content of "governance" refers to the use of authority to maintain order in a given scope and meet the needs of the public. The purpose of governance is to use power to guide various kinds of institutional relationships. Controlling and standardizing various activities of the citizens to maximize the public interest. The practice of governance theory and the goal of good governance provides a new and insight into the role orientation of our government at the moment. For the commercial real estate market, the practice of governance theory means three changes: one is to establish The basic goal of "sustainable development" is to correct the error of "performance oriented"; two is to improve the laws and regulations and policies, to strengthen the authority of the management of the commercial real estate market; and the three is the response and innovation to improve the effectiveness of the management of the commercial real estate market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.23;D630

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