本文關鍵詞： 房地產開發(fā) 貸款 商業(yè)銀行風險 風險管理　出處：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：房地產作為資金密集型行業(yè),是我國國民經(jīng)濟的支撐類產業(yè),但因為中國房地產企業(yè)獲得資金的渠道受到一定的限制,使得商業(yè)銀行成為其運作資金的主要來源,房地產開發(fā)貸款在全部金融機構貸款余額中的比重越來越大,并呈不斷上升趨勢；而且,房地產行業(yè)自身便是一個高投入、高利潤的產業(yè),房地產成為產業(yè)之初就具有了高風險的特性,所以房地產業(yè)所匯集的風險高度集中于商業(yè)銀行,不容忽視�；诖�,本文歸納了房地產開發(fā)貸款特征和風險的類別,綜合分析了我國商業(yè)銀行房地產開發(fā)貸款風險成因的內與外、宏觀與微觀等方面因素,利用層次分析法對房地產開發(fā)貸款中隱含的各類風險進行了綜合評價,從而從商業(yè)銀行的角度提出了防范房地產開發(fā)貨款風險的相關措施。 受到房地產刺激的貸款行為和貸款資金不斷增加,而多種因素的不穩(wěn)定性導致了信貸風險的增加。風險包括政府的宏觀調控、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的固有規(guī)律以及房地產開發(fā)商和銀行間信息的不均衡等。只有采取及時有效的防范措施才能避免房地產產業(yè)的風險以及金融危機的出現(xiàn)。這決定了研究房地產開發(fā)的形勢,以提供相關的理論依據(jù)意義重大。 一方面,本文在工程理論及商業(yè)銀行風險管理理論的基礎上,分析了房地產開發(fā)貸款所面臨的主要風險。同時,說明了由于各項經(jīng)濟調控政策和各項法律法規(guī)的改變之間協(xié)調不利造成了宏觀層面風險的產生,致使房地產市場出現(xiàn)威脅到房地產開發(fā)貸款安全回收的風險；接著又說明了由價格的不合理性及房地產的地理特性導致的房地產泡沫的產生,從而造成對信貸安全的威脅,產生了房地產的區(qū)域市場風險：另有,文章又說明了由于房地產開發(fā)商和銀行間的掌握信息的不均衡性使得產生了各種威脅開發(fā)商貸款安全的行為如逃避貸款,虛假獲得貸款,改變貸款的用途等。 另一方面,基于對房地產風險產生的基礎分析,本文進一步提出了合理的控制和解決方法。首先要保證各種調控政策的協(xié)調以及加大不良貸款的監(jiān)督力度,然后要完善企業(yè)和個人的征信系統(tǒng),加強商業(yè)銀行內部系統(tǒng)的完善以及房地產市場風險預警機制的運用。與此同時,加速健全相應的法律法規(guī)體系并建立成熟的房地產金融體系,并加強執(zhí)法力度等。
[Abstract]:As a capital-intensive industry, real estate is the supporting industry of our national economy. However, due to the limited access to funds for Chinese real estate enterprises, commercial banks have become the main source of funds for their operations. Real estate development loans account for an increasing proportion of the total loan balance of financial institutions, and show a rising trend. Moreover, the real estate industry itself is an industry with high investment and high profits. Real estate has the characteristics of high risk at the beginning of the industry. Therefore, the risks collected by the real estate industry are highly concentrated in commercial banks, which can not be ignored. Based on this, this paper summarizes the characteristics and risk categories of real estate development loans. This paper comprehensively analyzes the internal and external, macro and micro factors of the risk of real estate development loan in commercial banks of our country, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of all kinds of risks implied in the real estate development loan by the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). From the point of view of commercial banks, this paper puts forward some measures to prevent the risk of real estate development loan. Loan behavior and loan funds stimulated by real estate are on the rise, and the instability of many factors leads to an increase in credit risk. The risks include the government's macroeconomic regulation and control. The inherent laws of economic development and the imbalance of information between real estate developers and banks. Only by taking timely and effective preventive measures can the risks of the real estate industry and the emergence of financial crisis be avoided. The situation of real estate development, It is of great significance to provide relevant theoretical basis. On the one hand, on the basis of engineering theory and commercial bank risk management theory, this paper analyzes the main risks faced by real estate development loans. It explains that because of the unfavorable coordination between various economic control policies and the change of laws and regulations, the risk of macro-level risk arises and the real estate market threatens the safe recovery of real estate development loans. Then it explains the emergence of the real estate bubble caused by the irrationality of the price and the geographical characteristics of the real estate, which results in the threat to the credit security and the regional market risk of the real estate. The paper also explains that the imbalance of information between real estate developers and banks leads to various behaviors that threaten the loan safety of developers, such as evading loans, obtaining false loans, changing the use of loans, and so on. On the other hand, based on the basic analysis of real estate risk, this paper further puts forward reasonable control and solutions. First of all, we should ensure the coordination of various regulatory policies and strengthen the supervision of non-performing loans. Then we should perfect the credit information system for enterprises and individuals, strengthen the perfection of the internal system of commercial banks and the use of the real estate market risk warning mechanism. At the same time, Accelerate the improvement of the relevant laws and regulations system and establish a mature real estate financial system, and strengthen law enforcement.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.45;F299.23

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