本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易 碳排放交易 初始配額 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系 效益優(yōu)化策略　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,溫室氣體的排放量持續(xù)增加,作為排污大戶的電力行業(yè),必須做好節(jié)能減排工作。一方面,在滿足用電需求,電力行業(yè)發(fā)展的同時(shí),減少碳排放是未來(lái)的重點(diǎn)工作；另一方面,在保證電力系統(tǒng)安全、穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的前提下,避免單純追求低碳損失整體利益,因此電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易就顯得尤為必要了。 本文在分析電力企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)必要性的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)我國(guó)將逐步推行的碳交易機(jī)制,以華東、華中地區(qū)某些省級(jí)電網(wǎng)等電力發(fā)供電情況為例,結(jié)合《京都議定書》頒行的要求,研究了省級(jí)電力企業(yè)的碳排放交易特點(diǎn)；在電碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式基礎(chǔ)上,研究了電碳交易對(duì)電力平衡的影響,研究了電力企業(yè)應(yīng)有的行為策略,研究了成本指標(biāo)體系模型,最后進(jìn)行了實(shí)例分析。具體如下： (1)電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式及其對(duì)電網(wǎng)影響的研究 本文首先提出了電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式的概念及其組成。電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式是由電力交易市場(chǎng)、碳排放交易市場(chǎng)以及它們相互協(xié)調(diào)組成的。本文分析了電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式下,碳排放總量控制對(duì)電力供需平衡的影響；討論了電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式對(duì)購(gòu)電及上網(wǎng)機(jī)組優(yōu)化的影響；分析了電力成本評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的影響。 (2)針對(duì)碳排放因子及碳排放交易市場(chǎng)的研究 本文重點(diǎn)討論了碳排放因子,并給出了測(cè)算模型；研究了碳排放交易市場(chǎng)的組成模式。 (3)電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式下效益優(yōu)化策略的研究 基于電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式對(duì)生產(chǎn)層面的影響,本文利用因素分析法和目標(biāo)函數(shù)約束法,研究了在考慮污染物排放情況下,電網(wǎng)購(gòu)電優(yōu)化模型；基于微增率方法,給出了等綜合資源消耗微增率準(zhǔn)則,并構(gòu)建了上網(wǎng)機(jī)組優(yōu)選的模型,使之在做出購(gòu)電決策與上網(wǎng)機(jī)組選擇時(shí),不但要考慮保障電網(wǎng)的安全性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性等問(wèn)題,還要考慮污染物排放所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)性與社會(huì)效益問(wèn)題。 (4)電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式下評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系研究 基于電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式下對(duì)綜合效益層面的影響,構(gòu)建了購(gòu)電優(yōu)化及環(huán)境因子指標(biāo)體系,建立了環(huán)境因子測(cè)算模型與環(huán)境成本當(dāng)量測(cè)算模型等,最終得到環(huán)境補(bǔ)償綜合成本模型,為企業(yè)發(fā)展決策提供依據(jù)。 (5)省級(jí)電網(wǎng)電、碳協(xié)調(diào)交易模式下指標(biāo)體系實(shí)例分析 綜合電碳交易相關(guān)理論及構(gòu)建的模型,給出了幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)與算法的測(cè)算。其中包括：利用對(duì)污染治理類因子測(cè)算的模型,給出了華東某省級(jí)電網(wǎng)各電廠污染物排放因子與華中某省級(jí)電網(wǎng)各電廠污染物排放因子測(cè)算實(shí)例；利用對(duì)碳排放初始配額分階段法的研究,給出了華東某省級(jí)電網(wǎng)碳排放初始配額測(cè)算實(shí)例；利用對(duì)等綜合資源消耗微增率的模型研究,給出了華東某省級(jí)電網(wǎng)上網(wǎng)機(jī)組優(yōu)化排序測(cè)算實(shí)例；利用對(duì)基于目標(biāo)函數(shù)約束法的購(gòu)電優(yōu)化模型研究,給出了華中某省級(jí)電網(wǎng)購(gòu)電資源優(yōu)化成本測(cè)算實(shí)例；根據(jù)華中某省級(jí)電力的實(shí)際情況,給出了其跨區(qū)跨省電力交易測(cè)算實(shí)例。
[Abstract]:Along with our country city and urbanization process accelerating, greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, as the power industry emissions, must do the work of energy-saving emission reduction. On the one hand, to meet the demand for electricity, the power industry development at the same time, to reduce carbon emissions is the focus of future work; on the other hand, to ensure stable power the security of the system, under the premise of economic operation, to avoid the pursuit of low carbon loss on the overall interests, therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the carbon trading.
Based on the analysis of electric power enterprise to realize the necessity of low-carbon economy, according to China will gradually implement the carbon trading mechanism in East China, central China electric power supply some provincial power grid as an example, combined with < Kyoto Protocol > enacted requirements of carbon emissions trading provincial electric power enterprises in power; carbon trading coordination on the basis of the model, studied the effect of carbon trading on electric power balance, study the behavior strategy of power enterprises should, on the model of cost index system, finally carried on the example analysis as follows:
(1) the model of electric and carbon coordinated transaction and its influence on the power grid
This paper first puts forward the concept and composition of coordinated electricity, carbon trading mode. Electricity, carbon coordination trading model is composed of electric power market, carbon emissions trading market and their mutual coordination. This paper analyzes the coordination of electricity, carbon trading model, carbon emissions control effects on power supply and demand balance are discussed; carbon trading mode of coordination, purchase of electricity and internet influence unit optimization; analysis of the evaluation index system of the influence of the cost of electricity.
(2) research on carbon emission factors and carbon emissions trading market
The carbon emission factor is discussed in this paper, and the calculation model is given, and the model of the carbon emissions trading market is studied.
(3) research on efficiency optimization strategy under the mode of electricity and carbon coordinated transaction
Based on electricity, carbon trading mode of coordination on the level of production, factor analysis method and the objective function constrained by the method, and studied the situation of pollutant emissions, electricity purchasing optimization model; incremental method based on the comprehensive resource consumption incremental rule, and the construction of the Internet unit optimization model, the in making purchase decision and Internet unit choice, not only to consider the security and economy of power grid, but also consider the economy of the pollutant emissions generated by the social benefits and problems.
(4) research on the evaluation index system under the mode of electricity and carbon coordinated transaction
Based on electricity, carbon coordination effects on comprehensive benefit level transaction mode, construction of power purchase optimization and environmental factor index system, the establishment of environmental factor calculation model and equivalent calculation model of environmental cost, environmental compensation cost model is finally obtained, provide the basis for enterprise development decision-making.
(5) an example analysis of the index system under the mode of carbon coordinated transaction of the provincial power grid
General electric carbon trading related theory and model, gives the calculation of several key indicators and algorithm. Including: using factor calculation of pollution governance model, gives the emission factor of the power plant pollutants in East China and central China provincial grid of a provincial grid the power plant emission factor calculation example; Study on carbon emissions from the initial quota stages by using, gives the east of a provincial power grid carbon emissions quota calculation initial examples; using peer integrated resource model of incremental consumption, given the east of a provincial power grid Internet unit optimization sorting example; use of the purchase of the objective function optimization model based on constraint method, given the central provincial grid purchase optimization of cost calculation examples of electrical resources; according to the actual situation of China in a provincial power, given its cross provincial power trading real measure Cases.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61;F205

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