【摘要】：燈光是人類活動的象征,一個光源以及光源強弱度代表人的存在或人類活動的強弱,同時燈光與電力設(shè)施和建筑物也息息相關(guān),一個地區(qū)受強烈地震后震害信息將在燈光的破壞范圍和程度上得到明顯表現(xiàn),特別是對救援主體-人能夠提供最為直接的信息。因此夜間燈光影像對于地震災(zāi)害救災(zāi)決策具有至關(guān)重要的意義。本文以DMSP/OLS夜間燈光遙感影像作為數(shù)據(jù)源,選擇了2011年日本大地震、2008年汶川大地震開展了夜間燈光影像的濾波、快速匹配、歸一化的預(yù)處理研究有效消除了非地震因素影響,并對燈光變化檢測采用了兩時相、多時相和全年燈光數(shù)據(jù)插值的方法進行提取,研究結(jié)果表明3種方法得到了相似的效果,檢測到日本大地震受災(zāi)嚴重的宮城縣、福島縣和巖手縣等以及汶川地震中災(zāi)害嚴重的都江堰、彭州市、什邡市、綿竹市、安縣、汶川縣等與實際統(tǒng)計結(jié)果相一致,這驗證了之前的實驗流程、處理方法、提取方法都是正確的。不同提取方法具有不同的適用范圍和精度,證明了利用燈光數(shù)據(jù)來分析地震災(zāi)害的影響區(qū)域是可行的,但提取分析也受地震影響區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、人口環(huán)境、自然地理環(huán)境,震前震后天空中的云量和云層厚度以及傳感器探測能力等因素的影響。最后,以常態(tài)下2002-2010年中國人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)與燈光數(shù)據(jù)建立了人口分布與燈光的定量關(guān)系模型,并對汶川地震災(zāi)區(qū)面積提取及受災(zāi)區(qū)域內(nèi)人口進行估算和精度分析,根據(jù)受災(zāi)面積和人口比例判定了極重災(zāi)區(qū)、較重災(zāi)區(qū)和一般災(zāi)區(qū),實現(xiàn)了對人口定量評估及其宏觀分布的動態(tài)監(jiān)測,進而為地震等災(zāi)害應(yīng)急決策提供快速信息支持。
[Abstract]:Light is the symbol of human activity. A light source and its intensity represent the existence of human beings or the intensity of human activity. At the same time, lighting is closely related to power facilities and buildings. The earthquake damage information of a region after a strong earthquake will be obviously displayed in the scope and extent of light damage, especially the most direct information can be provided to the rescue main-person. So night lighting image is very important for earthquake disaster relief decision. In this paper, the DMSP/OLS night lighting remote sensing image is used as the data source, the 2011 Japan earthquake and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are used to filter and match the night lighting images. The normalized pretreatment study effectively eliminates the influence of non-seismic factors, and the 02:00 phase, multi-phase and year-round lighting data interpolation methods are used to detect the light changes. The results show that the three methods have similar results. Miyagi Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture, which were badly affected by Japan's major earthquake, as well as Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Shifang, Mianzhu, Anxian and Wenchuan counties, which were seriously affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, were detected to be consistent with the actual statistical results. This verifies that the previous experimental flow, processing methods and extraction methods are all correct. Different extraction methods have different scope of application and accuracy, which proves that it is feasible to use light data to analyze the affected areas of earthquake disasters, but the extraction and analysis of areas affected by earthquakes are also affected by economic development, population environment, natural geographical environment. The influence of cloud amount, cloud thickness and sensor detection ability in the sky after the earthquake. Finally, the quantitative relationship model between population distribution and lighting is established based on the population statistics and lighting data of China from 2002 to 2010, and the area of Wenchuan earthquake disaster area is extracted and the population in the affected area is estimated and analyzed accurately. According to the disaster area and the proportion of the population, the paper determines the most serious disaster area, the worst disaster area and the general disaster area, realizes the quantitative population evaluation and the dynamic monitoring of macroscopic distribution, and then provides the rapid information support for the emergency decision of earthquake and other disasters.
【學位授予單位】：河南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P315.9

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