本文選題：城市偏向 + 要素配置　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,伴隨著在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也在逐步擴(kuò)大,不僅影響農(nóng)民生活水平的提高、制約農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,而且威脅到整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定、健康發(fā)展,因此如何縮小這一差距就成為社會(huì)各界密切關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象,本文從城市偏向這一制度性因素入手,基于城鄉(xiāng)要素配置視角,研究城市偏向?qū)ξ覈?guó)的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響。本文首先對(duì)城市偏向的內(nèi)涵作出界定,分析了城市偏向?qū)Τ青l(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移、農(nóng)村資金凈流出、城鄉(xiāng)人力資本積累的影響,認(rèn)為在城市偏向下,戶籍制度的限制導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移滯后,不合理的財(cái)政與金融政策導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村資金嚴(yán)重外流,公共服務(wù)差異導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村人力資本水平不高,他們進(jìn)一步對(duì)我國(guó)的城鄉(xiāng)收入產(chǎn)生影響,并提出三條理論假說�；诖�,對(duì)我國(guó)的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距現(xiàn)狀、城市偏向下的我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力配置現(xiàn)狀、農(nóng)村資金凈流出現(xiàn)狀、人力資本投資現(xiàn)狀一一進(jìn)行分析,而后選取城鎮(zhèn)化率(urban)、農(nóng)村資金凈流出額(rjlc)、城鄉(xiāng)人均人力資本投資比(ahi)等指標(biāo),采用1978-2013年的全國(guó)時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù),建立計(jì)量模型,測(cè)度他們之間的具體影響。依據(jù)模型回歸結(jié)果得出,從勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移角度來看,城鎮(zhèn)化率與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距存在反向關(guān)系；從城鄉(xiāng)資金流動(dòng)配置角度來看,農(nóng)村資金凈流出與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距存在正向關(guān)系；從人力資本差異角度來看,城鄉(xiāng)人力資本投資差異與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距存在正向關(guān)系。基于計(jì)量檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,本文提出了四條建議,一是要加快推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革,建立統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系,二是加大財(cái)政、金融支農(nóng)力度、優(yōu)化支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu),三是注重人才的作用,提高農(nóng)村人力資本積累水平,四是加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展步伐,為改善城鄉(xiāng)收入差距狀況提供一些參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development in our country, the income gap between urban and rural areas is gradually widening, which not only affects the improvement of farmers' living standards, restricts the development of agriculture, but also threatens the stability and healthy development of the whole economy. Therefore, how to narrow this gap has become a hot issue concerned by all walks of life. In view of this phenomenon, this paper starts with the institutional factor of urban bias and studies the influence of urban bias on the urban-rural income gap in China from the perspective of urban and rural factor allocation. This paper first defines the connotation of urban bias, analyzes the influence of urban bias on the transfer of urban and rural labor force, the net outflow of rural capital, and the accumulation of urban and rural human capital. The restriction of household registration system leads to the lagging of rural labor force transfer, the serious outflow of rural capital caused by unreasonable financial and monetary policies, and the low level of rural human capital due to the difference of public service. They further influence our country's urban and rural income, and put forward three theoretical hypotheses. Based on this, this paper analyzes the current situation of income gap between urban and rural areas, the present situation of labor allocation under urban bias, the current situation of net outflow of rural capital, and the present situation of human capital investment. Then select the urbanization rate (urban), rural capital outflow (rjlc), per capita human capital investment ratio (ahi) and other indicators, using the 1978-2013 national time series data, establish a measurement model to measure the specific impact between them. From the point of view of labor force transfer, there is a reverse relationship between urbanization rate and urban-rural income gap, from the point of view of urban and rural capital flow allocation, there is a positive relationship between the net outflow of rural capital and urban-rural income gap. From the point of view of human capital difference, there is a positive relationship between urban and rural human capital investment difference and urban-rural income gap. Based on the results of the metrological inspection, this paper puts forward four suggestions. One is to speed up the reform of the household registration system, and the other is to set up an overall social security system for urban and rural areas, and second, to increase the financial and financial support for agriculture, and to optimize the structure of supporting agriculture. Third, pay attention to the role of talents, improve the level of rural human capital accumulation, and fourth, speed up the pace of agricultural industrialization development, and provide some references for improving the income gap between urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7

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