發(fā)布時間：2018-06-25 01:33

  本文選題：表面活性劑 + 動態(tài)吸附　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國是世界上最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國,煤炭在我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中長期發(fā)揮了基礎(chǔ)作用和支柱作用。在我國目前的能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中,60%的電力,80%的民用商品能源,60%的化工產(chǎn)品都是由煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化提供的,煤炭為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。但是煤炭在生產(chǎn)過程中對環(huán)境造成的危害也是不可低估的,特別是煤炭在開采、堆放、運(yùn)輸、加工、利用幾乎所有環(huán)節(jié)都會產(chǎn)生不同程度的煤塵,煤炭揚(yáng)塵是煤炭生產(chǎn)和使用企業(yè)以及礦區(qū)城市主要的大氣污染塵源之一。一般來說在礦井下如果沒有防塵措施,每晝夜產(chǎn)生的粉塵量約等于采煤量的1%左右。煤塵中大多數(shù)粉塵屬于可吸入顆粒,可以導(dǎo)致塵肺病,所以與煤炭工業(yè)相關(guān)的塵肺病在各類塵肺病患者中的人數(shù)最多,比例也最高。據(jù)相關(guān)部門統(tǒng)計(jì),煤礦工人塵肺肺癌患者81.76%的人員有平均26年左右的井下接塵經(jīng)歷�？梢娒旱V工人接觸粉塵與肺癌發(fā)病密切相關(guān),做好煤礦井下粉塵的綜合防治,降低塵肺病及塵肺肺癌患者的發(fā)生,是煤礦職業(yè)病防治重點(diǎn)。所以有關(guān)煤礦粉塵抑塵劑方面的研究和開發(fā)一直是理論和工業(yè)界的研究熱點(diǎn)。表面活性劑作為抑塵劑的主要成分,在吸附粉塵方面表現(xiàn)出很好的性能。它通過捕捉、吸附、團(tuán)聚粉塵微粒,將其緊鎖于網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)之內(nèi),起到濕潤、粘接、凝結(jié)、吸濕、防塵、防浸蝕和抗沖刷的作用。抑塵劑中的表面活性劑能顯著降低溶液的表面張力,使其有效潤濕粉塵表面,使粉塵團(tuán)聚沉降,從而達(dá)到降塵的效果,所以選擇合適的表面活性劑是提高抑塵劑降塵效果的關(guān)鍵因素。對于表面活性劑的研究許多國家的研究人員做了大量工作,促進(jìn)了抑塵劑的發(fā)展,在一些國家和地區(qū)已取得優(yōu)良的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境效益。但是現(xiàn)有抑塵劑中表面活性劑的選用靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)選用,缺乏有效理論指導(dǎo)。本論文以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚非離子表面活性劑、異構(gòu)脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯型雙子表面活性劑和聚醚改性硅油為研究對象,對其進(jìn)行表面動態(tài)吸附和鋪展性能的研究,并對煤塵的抑制機(jī)制進(jìn)行了初步的探討,研究內(nèi)容包括:1、用平衡表面張力、動態(tài)表面張力和動態(tài)接觸角法對脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(10)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(7和10)動態(tài)吸附與動態(tài)潤濕行為進(jìn)行了研究,主要考察分子結(jié)構(gòu)中的疏水基對其動態(tài)吸附與動態(tài)潤濕行為的影響。結(jié)果表明都具有較高的表面活性,能把水的表面張力降低到29mn/m左右,其在水溶液中的吸附機(jī)制為擴(kuò)散控制模式,但動態(tài)表面張力卻稍有差別,np-10動態(tài)表面張力較好,反映在鋪展性能上也稍好。表面活性劑在低能表面的鋪展性能不僅與表面活性劑的濃度有關(guān),還與表面活性劑的動態(tài)表面張力有關(guān),而這些在本質(zhì)上都與分子結(jié)構(gòu)有重要關(guān)系。2、用平衡表面張力、動態(tài)表面張力和動態(tài)接觸角法對異構(gòu)脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的動態(tài)吸附與動態(tài)潤濕行為進(jìn)行了研究,主要建立了描述表面活性劑的動態(tài)吸附和動態(tài)潤濕性能的數(shù)學(xué)模型,在模型中提出了用平衡接觸角和系數(shù)k來定量評價材料的潤濕性能。運(yùn)用該模型對表面活性劑在低能表面的潤濕性能進(jìn)行了研究,得出表面活性劑e1310的平衡接觸角較小和k值較大時,在石蠟表面的潤濕性能較好。同時也得出,異構(gòu)脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚表面活性劑在低能表面的鋪展性能不僅與表面活性劑的分子疏水基的結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān),還與其親水基中的聚氧乙烯數(shù)目有關(guān)。3、用平衡表面張力、動態(tài)表面張力和動態(tài)接觸角法對高度支鏈化的四甲基-6-癸炔-5,8-二醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚氧乙烯數(shù)為2和4)的動態(tài)吸附與動態(tài)潤濕行為進(jìn)行了研究,其平衡態(tài)和動態(tài)表面張力測試表明,能在較低濃度下在較短時間內(nèi)將水的表面張力降低到26mN/m左右,說明其具有較高的動態(tài)表面活性。接觸角實(shí)驗(yàn)表明它也能夠有效降低溶液在低能表面的接觸角。4、設(shè)計(jì)、合成了兩種低分子聚醚改性硅氧烷,并用紅外、核磁共振對其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征,并測試了其動態(tài)吸附與動態(tài)潤濕行為,主要考察分子結(jié)構(gòu)對其動態(tài)吸附與動態(tài)潤濕行為和影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,兩種表面活性劑的平衡表面張力和臨界聚集濃度基本一樣,但動態(tài)表面張力卻有很大差別,聚醚改性三硅氧烷具有良好的動態(tài)表面張力,其在石蠟表面的接觸角測試也表明聚醚改性三硅氧烷能完全潤濕低能表面。本文實(shí)驗(yàn)也表明表面活性劑在低能表面的接觸角不僅與其平衡表面張力有關(guān),而且與其動態(tài)表面張力也有密切相關(guān)。5、用紅外光譜分析了煤粉的表面特性,而后考察了不同結(jié)構(gòu)、不同支鏈度的潤濕劑對煤塵的潤濕效果,并從動態(tài)表面張力角度,對其潤濕機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討,并據(jù)此篩選了潤濕效果較好的煤塵潤濕劑異構(gòu)脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、對其濃度對潤濕的影響進(jìn)行了研究。以上研究結(jié)果對于表面活性劑的開發(fā)和新型煤塵潤濕劑的篩選具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義,并對相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用開發(fā)將起到積極的作用。
[Abstract]:China is the largest coal producer and consumer country in the world. Coal has played a basic role in the economic development of our country for a long time. In the current energy production and consumption structure of our country, 60% of electricity, 80% of civil commodity energy and 60% of chemical products are provided by coal conversion, and coal is a foundation for the economic development of our country. The harm of coal in the process of production can not be underestimated. In particular, coal mining, stacking, transportation, processing, and using almost all links will produce different levels of coal dust. Coal dust is one of the main sources of air pollution in coal production and use and the city of mining area. As if there are no dust prevention measures under the mine, the amount of dust produced every day and night is approximately equal to about 1% of the coal mining. Most dust in the dust belongs to the respirable particles and can cause pneumoconiosis, so the number of pneumoconiosis associated with the coal industry is the most and the highest in all types of pneumoconiosis patients. According to the statistics of relevant departments, coal mines 81.76% of the workers with lung cancer in workers' pneumoconiosis have an average of about 26 years of underground dust exposure. It is obvious that coal miners' exposure to dust is closely related to the incidence of lung cancer. It is the key to prevent and control pneumoconiosis and pneumoconiosis patients, so it is the key point for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in coal mines. Research and development have always been the hot spots in the theoretical and industrial circles. As the main component of the dust suppressants, surface active agents show good performance in the absorption of dust. By capturing, adsorbing, and gathering dust particles, it is locked in the net structure and plays the role of wetting, bonding, condensing, hygroscopic, dustproof, anti erosion and anti scouring. The surface active agent in the dust suppressant can significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution, make it wetting the dust surface effectively, make the dust agglomeration and settle the dust, so it is the key factor to improve the dust reduction effect of the dust suppressant. The work has promoted the development of dust suppressants and has achieved good economic and environmental benefits in some countries and regions. However, the selection of surface active agents in the existing dust suppressants is selected by experience and lack of effective theoretical guidance. This paper is based on the non ionic surfactant of polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, isomeric fatty alcohol Polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene type gemini surfactants and polyether modified silicone oil are studied. The surface dynamic adsorption and spreading properties of polyoxyethylene are studied, and the inhibition mechanism of coal dust is preliminarily discussed. The contents of the study include: 1, the polyoxyethylene glycol is treated with the method of equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior of enes (10) and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (7 and 10) was studied. The effect of hydrophobic groups in molecular structure on its dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior was mainly investigated. The results showed that all of them had high surface activity, which could reduce the surface tension of water to about 29mn/m, and its adsorption in aqueous solution. The mechanism is diffusion control mode, but the dynamic surface tension is slightly different, the dynamic surface tension of NP-10 is better and the spreading performance is better. The spreading property of surface active agent on low energy surface is not only related to the concentration of surface active agent, but also related to the dynamic surface tension of surface active agent, and these are essentially bonded with the molecule. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior of isomeric fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was studied by means of equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle method. The mathematical model of dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting properties of surfactant was established, and the equilibrium contact angle was put forward in the model, and the equilibrium contact angle was put forward in the model,.2. Coefficient K is used to quantitatively evaluate the wettability of materials. The wettability of surface active agents on low energy surface is studied by using this model. It is concluded that the wettability on the surface of paraffin is better when the equilibrium contact angle of the surfactant e1310 is small and the K value is large. The surface spreading property is not only related to the structure of the hydrophobic group of the surfactant, but also related to the number of polyoxyethylene in the hydrophilic group.3. The dynamic adsorption of the highly branched four methyl -6- decylacetylene -5,8- glycol polyoxyethylene ether (polyoxyethylene number is 2 and 4) with the equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle method. The dynamic wetting behavior is studied. The equilibrium state and dynamic surface tension test show that the surface tension of water can be reduced to about 26mN/m in a relatively short time, indicating that it has a high dynamic surface activity. The contact angle experiment shows that it can reduce the contact angle.4 of the solution on the low energy surface, and design and synthesize it. Two kinds of low molecular polyether modified siloxane were used and its structure was characterized by IR and NMR. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior was tested. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior of the molecular structure was investigated. The experimental results showed that the equilibrium surface tension and the critical concentration concentration of the two surface active agents were observed. It is basically the same, but the dynamic surface tension is very different. Polyether modified three siloxane has good dynamic surface tension. The contact angle test on the paraffin surface also shows that polyether modified three siloxane can completely moisten the low energy surface. This experiment also shows that the contact angle of the surface active agent on the low energy surface is not only with the balance surface tension. The force is related, and its dynamic surface tension is closely related to.5. The surface characteristics of pulverized coal are analyzed by infrared spectrum. Then the wetting effect of different structure and different branch chain wetting agents on coal dust is investigated, and the wetting mechanism of the coal dust is discussed from the angle of dynamic surface tension, and the coal dust with good wetting effect is screened according to this, and the coal dust with good wetting effect is screened. The effect of the concentration of polyoxyethylene ether on the wetting of the wetting agent is studied. The above results have important guiding significance for the development of the surfactant and the screening of the new coal dust wetting agent, and will play an active role in the application and development of the related fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TQ423

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