本文選題：農(nóng)村“空心化” + 指標(biāo)體系　； 參考：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)目前正處于改革開放新時(shí)期,城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加快,廣大農(nóng)村都出現(xiàn)了人口過(guò)疏化、土地資源粗放利用等“空心化”現(xiàn)象。農(nóng)村“空心化”本質(zhì)上是農(nóng)村地域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)功能的整體退化。農(nóng)村“空心化”問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)有深刻的社會(huì)背景,我國(guó)實(shí)行的家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制在一定程度上解放了農(nóng)村的勞動(dòng)力,農(nóng)民不再依賴土地;有關(guān)戶籍制度的改革也為大量農(nóng)民向城市轉(zhuǎn)移提供了有利條件;城鄉(xiāng)收入差距造成農(nóng)民向城市中的二三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,農(nóng)村人口的文化教育水平整體偏低等一系列因素的影響造成農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了人口遷移、土地拋荒等現(xiàn)象,最終導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)村“空心化”的出現(xiàn)。關(guān)于我國(guó)農(nóng)村“空心化”問(wèn)題的研究主要涉及地理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)等諸多學(xué)科,研究成果豐富。本文是以全國(guó)30個(gè)省(市、區(qū))(不包括西藏)為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用空間統(tǒng)計(jì)的分析方法,把中國(guó)農(nóng)村“空心化”問(wèn)題投射到空間層面,主要從土地“空心化”和人口“空心化”兩個(gè)角度出發(fā)通過(guò)構(gòu)建相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)體系,利用熵值賦權(quán)法來(lái)研究我國(guó)2012-2014年不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)村“空心化”的靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)變化情況,對(duì)其時(shí)空的分布特征及空間自相關(guān)性進(jìn)行研究,并試圖提出其空間分布形式的優(yōu)化建議。文章分為五個(gè)部分。第一部分是緒論部分,介紹了農(nóng)村“空心化”的研究背景、意義及研究方法,梳理及歸納了國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)農(nóng)村“空心化”的研究綜述,提出了本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)是在指標(biāo)構(gòu)建及分析方法上。第二部分介紹農(nóng)村“空心化”的特征,闡述了農(nóng)村“空心化”的含義及表現(xiàn)形式,農(nóng)村“空心化”的表現(xiàn)形式有很多,主要是人口“空心化”、土地“空心化”和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施“空心化”,并從政治因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、文化因素方面分析了我國(guó)農(nóng)村“空心化”的形成機(jī)制。第三部分介紹關(guān)于農(nóng)村“空心化”水平的測(cè)度,提到了指標(biāo)體系的構(gòu)建原則及具體指標(biāo)的構(gòu)建,并選用熵值法對(duì)農(nóng)村“空心化”水平進(jìn)行測(cè)度。第四部分是實(shí)證部分,研究農(nóng)村“空心化”主要是土地“空心化”和人口“空心化”的空間分布特征,并在空間地區(qū)差異明顯的基礎(chǔ)上做了空間自相關(guān)分析,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),各省市間的農(nóng)村“空心化”差異明顯,從時(shí)空演變來(lái)說(shuō),2012年到2014年農(nóng)村“空心化”的趨勢(shì)日益明顯,在地區(qū)特征上表現(xiàn)為中西部農(nóng)村“空心化”程度比東部嚴(yán)重;由于地理位置的鄰近,農(nóng)村“空心化”存在空間效應(yīng),表現(xiàn)出空間相關(guān)性,部分區(qū)域有集聚現(xiàn)象;因?yàn)檗r(nóng)村“空心化”主要與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有關(guān),為了研究經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平對(duì)農(nóng)村“空心化”的影響程度,所以在這一部分還做了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與農(nóng)村“空心化”的典型相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果表明經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)村“空心化”的影響顯著。第六部分從人口、土地、經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)視角提出我國(guó)農(nóng)村“空心化”的政策建議。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the new period of reform and opening up, the process of urbanization is speeding up, the vast rural areas have appeared the phenomenon of "emptiness", such as the population is too sparse, the extensive utilization of land resources and so on. Emptiness in rural areas is essentially the overall degradation of the economic and social functions of rural areas. The emergence of "hollowing" in rural areas has a profound social background. The household contract responsibility system in China has liberated the rural labor force to a certain extent, and farmers are no longer dependent on land. The reform of the household registration system has also provided favorable conditions for a large number of farmers to move to cities; the income gap between urban and rural areas has resulted in the transfer of farmers to the secondary and tertiary industries in the cities. A series of factors, such as the low level of culture and education of the rural population, have caused the phenomenon of population migration and land abandonment in rural areas, which eventually led to the emergence of "hollowing" in rural areas. The research on "hollowing" in rural areas in China mainly involves geography, economics, sociology and so on. In this paper, 30 provinces (cities, districts, excluding Tibet) are taken as research objects, and the problem of "hollowing out" in rural areas of China is projected to the spatial level by using the method of spatial statistics analysis. From the two angles of land "hollowing" and population "hollowing", the static and dynamic changes of rural "hollowing" in different areas of China from 2012-2014 are studied by using entropy weighting method by constructing corresponding index system. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and spatial autocorrelation are studied, and some suggestions for the optimization of their spatial distribution form are proposed. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the research background, significance and research methods of "hollowing" in rural areas, and summarizes the domestic and foreign research on "hollowing" in rural areas. The innovation of this paper is in the method of index construction and analysis. The second part introduces the characteristics of "hollowing" in rural areas, and expounds the meaning and manifestation of "hollowing" in rural areas. There are many forms of "hollowing" in rural areas, mainly "hollowing" in population. The formation mechanism of "hollowing" in rural areas is analyzed from the aspects of political factors, economic factors and cultural factors. The third part introduces the measurement of the level of "hollowing" in rural areas, and points out the construction principles of the index system and the construction of specific indicators. The entropy method is used to measure the level of "hollowing" in rural areas. The fourth part is the empirical part, which mainly studies the spatial distribution characteristics of land hollowing and population hollowing, and makes spatial autocorrelation analysis on the basis of obvious spatial regional differences. The difference of rural "hollowing" between provinces and cities is obvious. From time and space evolution, the trend of rural "hollowness" from 2012 to 2014 is increasingly obvious, and the regional characteristics show that the degree of "hollowness" in the central and western rural areas is more serious than that in the eastern part. Because of the proximity of the geographical location, the "hollowing" in rural areas has a spatial effect, showing spatial correlation and agglomeration in some regions, because the "hollowing" in rural areas is mainly related to the development of the economy. In order to study the influence of economic development level on "hollowing" in rural areas, the typical correlation analysis between economic development and rural "hollowing" is made in this part. The results show that economic development has a significant impact on "hollowing" in rural areas. The sixth part puts forward the policy suggestions of "hollowing" from three perspectives of population, land and economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F320

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