本文選題：城市規(guī)模 + 生產(chǎn)率分解��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,不同規(guī)模城市的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展趨勢(shì)問(wèn)題成為城市發(fā)展的重要課題,依據(jù)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn),規(guī)模較大城市因?yàn)橘Y本、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)的集聚帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的集聚效應(yīng),使得城市化水平不斷提升,但隨之而來(lái)的是大城市尤其是超大和特大型城市的規(guī)模效應(yīng)伴隨著巨大的成本,包括嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問(wèn)題、交通問(wèn)題和高企的各類成本�，F(xiàn)實(shí)情況是盡管存在巨大的不確定性和高額成本,90%的大企業(yè)仍選址在大城市,大城市在獲得規(guī)模效應(yīng)的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了區(qū)域發(fā)展失衡的問(wèn)題,與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的是小城市的發(fā)展如何與大城市的發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)一致?大城市具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)如何與小城市的優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)?各自的發(fā)展方向問(wèn)題?同時(shí),我們注意到對(duì)于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和全要素生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題,之前的研究重點(diǎn)在于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的推動(dòng)作用,隨著研究的深入,資源配置效率成為全要素生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)研究的重要方向,結(jié)合之前提及的大城市的集聚效應(yīng),這些問(wèn)題的提出促使我們開(kāi)始關(guān)注從資源配置效率角度分析大城市的生產(chǎn)率優(yōu)勢(shì)的來(lái)源。既有的研究重點(diǎn)關(guān)注于大城市的生產(chǎn)率優(yōu)勢(shì),結(jié)論指出大城市的生產(chǎn)率優(yōu)勢(shì)可能來(lái)源于較高的集聚效應(yīng)或是選擇效應(yīng),但是這種分析仍不能較好的解釋以上問(wèn)題。大城市較高的集聚效應(yīng)又是從何而來(lái),有沒(méi)有其他的外生因素會(huì)影響這種關(guān)系,更為必要的是基于大城市的發(fā)展,小城市發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)又是什么?資源配置效率的研究為本文的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ),楊汝岱(2015)指出,生產(chǎn)率的提升除了關(guān)注企業(yè)自身成長(zhǎng)之外,企業(yè)間資源配置效率的提升也是至關(guān)重要的,不斷提升的企業(yè)間資源配置效率解釋了中國(guó)生產(chǎn)率水平的穩(wěn)定提升,.同時(shí),Hsieh and Klenow(2009)基于中國(guó)和印度的工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)一步從資源誤配角度分析了資源配置效率對(duì)于中國(guó)生產(chǎn)率提升的重要作用,這就為本文的研究指明了方向,基于生產(chǎn)率分解的方法,本文試圖找出不同規(guī)模城市生產(chǎn)率提升的核心影響因素。主要的生產(chǎn)率分解方法包括OP、BHC、GR、FHK和DOP方法,其中BHC、GR和FHK方法因?yàn)樽陨泶嬖诘膯?wèn)題,這里只作為穩(wěn)健性檢驗(yàn)采用,本文主要采用OP和DOP的分解方法,前者用于生產(chǎn)率水平的分解,即生產(chǎn)率差異的靜態(tài)比較;后者用于生產(chǎn)率變化的分解,即分析生產(chǎn)率提升的動(dòng)態(tài)差異。這兩種方法都是基于異質(zhì)性企業(yè)對(duì)生產(chǎn)率進(jìn)行分解,避免了之前的分解模型單純依賴統(tǒng)計(jì)變換來(lái)刻畫資源配置效率所帶來(lái)的缺乏理論基礎(chǔ)以及結(jié)果差異較大等問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)了更為清晰和準(zhǔn)確的生產(chǎn)率分解。.本文以城市空間作為生產(chǎn)率分析邊界,依據(jù)中國(guó)工業(yè)企業(yè)微觀數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)OP與DOP分解方法對(duì)中國(guó)大城市生產(chǎn)率動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)源進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)現(xiàn)了企業(yè)間資源配置效率的間接測(cè)度,發(fā)現(xiàn)了大城市具有較高資源配置效率的事實(shí),為企業(yè)向大城市匯聚的現(xiàn)象提供了一個(gè)新的解釋,并進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):①大城市兼具企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì),即不但生產(chǎn)率水平高,而且提升快,這可以構(gòu)成大城市吸引和匯聚企業(yè)的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)原因。②雖然城市整體生產(chǎn)率提升主要來(lái)源于企業(yè)自身的成長(zhǎng)效應(yīng)(組內(nèi)效應(yīng)),但不同規(guī)模城市間生產(chǎn)率提升差異則來(lái)自于企業(yè)間資源配置效率(組間效應(yīng))的不同,資源配置效率的貢獻(xiàn)能夠解釋大城市生產(chǎn)率提升的39.51%,而中小城市僅能解釋22.91%,大城市因具有較高資源配置效率而實(shí)現(xiàn)了生產(chǎn)率的較快提升。③對(duì)于其他因素地排除,一方面企業(yè)間資源配置效率地提高主要依賴于非國(guó)有企業(yè),國(guó)有企業(yè)并未發(fā)揮重要作用,另一方面行政級(jí)別、行業(yè)屬性并非是企業(yè)向大城市匯聚的主要原因。④城市規(guī)模與企業(yè)間資源配置效率間存在著顯著的正向關(guān)系,而且大城市資源配置效率與中小城市的差距在逐步放大,可以預(yù)見(jiàn)大城市的吸引力會(huì)進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。因而,較高水平的資源配置效率可以解釋為何中國(guó)大城市具有吸引力,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于破解"大城市病"、區(qū)域發(fā)展不均衡問(wèn)題都具有啟示意義。對(duì)于本文的研究結(jié)論得到如下政策啟示,首先,大城市吸引力的機(jī)制源于資源配置效率,"去行政化"未必能解決"大城市病"。在行政級(jí)別較低小城市發(fā)展中,要著重提升本地區(qū)的市場(chǎng)化水平,完善市場(chǎng)機(jī)制建設(shè)。其次,對(duì)于不同所有制企業(yè)的研究啟示,小城市在發(fā)展中要注重發(fā)展非國(guó)有內(nèi)資企業(yè),充分釋放私營(yíng)企業(yè)的活力,促進(jìn)資源配置效率的提升,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)地區(qū)整體的生產(chǎn)率提升。再次,對(duì)于不同行業(yè)屬性的企業(yè),大城市的資源配置效率并未受到影響,說(shuō)明這種資源配置效率的優(yōu)勢(shì)是普遍存在的,對(duì)于小城市而言,啟示在于有重點(diǎn)的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)行業(yè)的同時(shí)要重視各行業(yè)的均衡。最后,對(duì)于區(qū)域性的發(fā)展失衡問(wèn)題,大城市與小城市在資源配置效率上的差異解釋了二者的發(fā)展不平衡,因此,小城市要克服自身的資源配置劣勢(shì),在促進(jìn)要素流動(dòng)、資源優(yōu)化配置和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)上促進(jìn)地區(qū)資源配置效率的提升,從而使經(jīng)濟(jì)在質(zhì)量和數(shù)量上都得到提升。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of urban scale, the further development trend of different scale cities has become an important issue for urban development. According to the view of urban economics, the agglomeration effect of capital, labor and technology bring about the agglomeration effect of economic development in large scale cities, which makes the urbanization level rise continuously, but it follows the big city. In particular, the size effect of the large and super large cities is accompanied by huge costs, including severe environmental problems, traffic problems and high cost. In spite of the huge uncertainty and high cost, 90% of the large enterprises are still located in the big cities, and the city has also brought the regional development as well as the scale effect. The problem of unbalance is corresponding to how the development of small cities is consistent with the development of large cities. How do the advantages of large cities complementation with the advantages of small cities? The problem of their development direction? At the same time, we have noticed the problem of regional economic growth and the growth of total factor yield. With the deepening of research, the efficiency of resource allocation has become an important direction for the study of total factor productivity growth. Some research focuses on the productivity advantages of large cities. The conclusion is that the productivity advantage of large cities may come from higher agglomeration effect or choice effect, but this analysis can not explain the above problems better. What is the important basis for the development of small cities based on the development of big cities? The research on the efficiency of resource allocation has laid the foundation for the study of this article. Yang Rudai (2015) points out that the promotion of the efficiency of the resource allocation among enterprises is also crucial in addition to the growth of the enterprise itself. The efficiency of inter enterprise resource allocation explains the stability and promotion of China's productivity level. At the same time, Hsieh and Klenow (2009), based on the data of industrial enterprises in China and India, further analyzes the important role of resource allocation efficiency in China's productivity promotion from the perspective of resource misallocation, which indicates the direction of this study. The method of productivity decomposition, this article tries to find out the core factors of the productivity promotion of different scale cities. The main methods of productivity decomposition include OP, BHC, GR, FHK and DOP, in which the BHC, GR and FHK methods are used only as robustness tests because of their own problems. This paper mainly adopts the decomposition method of OP and DOP, the former The decomposition of productivity level, the static comparison of productivity differences; the latter is used for the decomposition of productivity changes, that is, the analysis of the dynamic differences in productivity enhancement. These two methods are based on the decomposition of productivity by heterogeneous enterprises, avoiding the previous decomposition model simply relying on statistical transformation to describe the efficiency of resource allocation. In this paper, a clearer and accurate decomposition of productivity is realized, such as the lack of theoretical basis and the greater difference of results. This paper takes urban space as the boundary of productivity analysis, based on the micro data of Chinese industrial enterprises, and analyses the source of productivity dynamic advantage of China's big cities by OP and DOP decomposition method, and realizes the resources between enterprises. The indirect measure of allocation efficiency has found the fact that large cities have higher resource allocation efficiency. It provides a new explanation for the phenomenon that enterprises converge to large cities and carries out an empirical test. The main economic reasons for the large cities to attract and gather enterprises. Although the overall productivity of the city is mainly derived from the growth effect (intra group effect) of the enterprise itself, the difference in productivity promotion between different cities comes from the difference in the efficiency of resource allocation among enterprises (inter group effect), and the contribution of the efficiency of resource allocation can be explained. The productivity of large cities is 39.51%, while small and medium-sized cities can only explain 22.91%. Large cities have achieved a rapid increase in productivity because of their high resource allocation efficiency. 3. For other factors, the efficiency of resource allocation among enterprises is mainly dependent on non-state-owned enterprises, and the other is not playing an important role, the other is the other. There is a significant positive relationship between the size of the city and the efficiency of the allocation of resources between enterprises, and the gap between the allocation efficiency of large cities and the small and medium-sized cities is gradually enlarged, and the attraction of large cities will be further enhanced. The efficiency of the level of resource allocation can explain why China's big cities are attractive. This discovery has implications for solving the problem of "big city disease" and unbalance of regional development. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the mechanism of the attraction of the big cities is derived from the efficiency of resource allocation, and "to be administrative" may not be able to do so. To solve the problem of "big city disease". In the development of small cities with lower administrative level, we should focus on improving the market level of the region and perfecting the construction of market mechanism. Secondly, for the research of different ownership enterprises, the development of small cities should pay attention to the development of non-state-owned domestic enterprises, release the vitality of private enterprises and promote the efficiency of the allocation of resources. Promotion, and then promote the overall productivity of the region. Thirdly, for enterprises with different industries, the efficiency of resource allocation in large cities has not been affected. It shows that the advantages of this resource allocation efficiency are universal. For small cities, the enlightenment lies in the emphasis on the development of the dominant industries and the balance of the various industries. Finally, with regard to the imbalance of regional development, the difference in the efficiency of resource allocation between large cities and small cities explains the unbalanced development of the two. Therefore, the small cities should overcome their own disadvantages of resource allocation, promote the flow of factors, optimize the allocation of resources and adjust the economic structure to promote the efficiency of regional resources allocation, thus making it possible to promote the efficiency of regional resources allocation. The economy has been improved in both quality and quantity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F299.2

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