本文選題：老年人收入 + 性別差異��； 參考：《貴州財經(jīng)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于農(nóng)村勞動力大量流入城鎮(zhèn),導致我國出現(xiàn)人口老齡化城鄉(xiāng)倒置的現(xiàn)象,農(nóng)村老齡化問題比城市更加嚴重,特別是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相對滯緩的貴州農(nóng)村地區(qū),人均收入較低,社會養(yǎng)老保障體系不健全,農(nóng)村老年人的收入水平低下,成為困難農(nóng)村老年人提升養(yǎng)老質(zhì)量的瓶頸。并且,由于受個人特征、家庭情況、以及社會保障政策等因素的影響,女性老年人較之男性老年人收入水平更低、收入穩(wěn)定性更差,不利于社會性別平等的實現(xiàn),也不利于和諧社會的構(gòu)建。因此,研究貴州農(nóng)村女性老年人的收入問題,無疑對我國推進社會公平正義發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)全面小康社會具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文采用貴州農(nóng)村老年人社會保障與貧困狀況問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),從社會性別的視角,一方面詳細分析了貴州農(nóng)村老年人在收入來源、收入水平等方面的性別差異,另一方面,對貴州農(nóng)村老年人的總收入和各分項收入的性別因素進行檢驗,分析性別對于老年人收入的影響顯著性。另外,從個人因素、家庭內(nèi)部因素、養(yǎng)老社會保障制度等多個層面,分析影響老年人收入差異的其他原因。分析結(jié)果得出:(1)貴州農(nóng)村老年人在收入來源和收入水平上均存在顯著地性別差異。相比于男性老年人,女性老年人收入來源較少,收入水平較低,對家庭成員的依賴性較強。(2)在影響因素分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),老年人的健康狀況、子女的孝順程度,部分社會養(yǎng)老保障政策對老年人收入有顯著影響。但性別因素沒有顯著性影響,這可能是貴州農(nóng)村男性和女性老年人都以家庭經(jīng)濟支持為主,導致二者之間的差別并沒有統(tǒng)計顯著性。針對貴州農(nóng)村老年人收入的性別差異,文章提出了相對公平的養(yǎng)老社會保障政策對策建議,包括:養(yǎng)老保障政策的制定中應納入性別視角,設計真正體現(xiàn)性別平等的養(yǎng)老保險制度,保證制度公平、平等的惠及兩性老年人;大力發(fā)展貴州農(nóng)村的社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務事業(yè),推動醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合養(yǎng)老服務模式在貴州農(nóng)村的施行;加大對農(nóng)村教育、醫(yī)療財政支持;加強貴州農(nóng)村教育政策宣傳,促進貴州農(nóng)村兩性教育公平,保障貴州農(nóng)村女性受教育水平;完善貴州農(nóng)村社會救助制度,注重向農(nóng)村老年女性傾斜。
[Abstract]:Due to the large inflow of rural labor force into cities and towns, there is a phenomenon of population aging in China. The problem of rural aging is more serious than that of urban areas, especially in the rural areas of Guizhou, where the economic development is relatively slow, and the per capita income is low.The social old-age security system is not perfect and the income level of the rural elderly is low, which becomes the bottleneck of improving the old-age quality in the rural areas.Moreover, due to the influence of personal characteristics, family conditions, and social security policies, the income level of older women is lower and the income stability is lower than that of men, which is not conducive to the realization of gender equality.Also not conducive to the construction of a harmonious society.Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the income of rural elderly women in Guizhou to promote the development of social equity and justice and to realize a well-off society in an all-round way.Based on the questionnaire data of social security and poverty status of the rural elderly in Guizhou, this paper, from the perspective of gender, analyzes in detail the gender differences in income sources and income levels of the rural elderly in Guizhou, on the other hand,The total income of rural elderly in Guizhou Province and the gender factors of each sub-income were tested, and the influence of gender on the income of the elderly was analyzed.In addition, from the personal factors, family internal factors, old-age social security system and other levels, analysis of the elderly income differences in other reasons.The results showed that there were significant gender differences in income sources and income levels among the rural elderly in Guizhou.Compared with the male elderly, the female elderly had less income source, lower income level and stronger dependence on the family members.) in the analysis of the influencing factors, the health status of the elderly and the filial piety of the children were found.Some social old-age security policies have a significant impact on the income of the elderly.However, there is no significant effect of gender factors, which may be due to the fact that the male and female elderly in rural areas in Guizhou are mainly supported by family economy, and the difference between them is not statistically significant.In view of the gender difference of the income of the elderly in rural areas of Guizhou, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for a relatively fair old-age social security policy, including: the gender perspective should be included in the formulation of the old-age security policy.To design a pension insurance system that truly embodies gender equality, to ensure the fairness of the system and to benefit the elderly equally, to vigorously develop the community pension service in rural areas of Guizhou, and to promote the implementation of the mode of combination of medical care and support for the aged in rural areas of Guizhou;To increase financial support for rural education and medical treatment; to strengthen the publicity of rural education policies in Guizhou, to promote gender equality in rural education in Guizhou, to ensure the education level of rural women in Guizhou; to improve the rural social assistance system in Guizhou;Focus on the rural elderly women tilt.
【學位授予單位】：貴州財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8

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