本文選題：行業(yè)收入差距　切入點：基尼系數(shù)　出處：《哈爾濱理工大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,人民的生活水平逐步上升,黑龍江省經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會建設取得了顯著成就。但隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,不同行業(yè)間的收入差距卻持續(xù)擴大。黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距無論是從絕對數(shù)還是從相對數(shù)考察都在逐漸擴大。過大的行業(yè)收入差距將促使兩極分化,不利于社會穩(wěn)定。一些基礎行業(yè)由于工資收入低,導致大部分人流涌向高收入行業(yè),人才流失比較嚴重,導致基礎行業(yè)吸納勞動力的能力漸漸弱化,嚴重情況下,這些基礎行業(yè)可能會被社會所淘汰,從而改變國民經(jīng)濟格局,使經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào);再加上,低收入群體具有較低的購買力,對社會的消費需求較少,難以滿足社會發(fā)展的需要。這種不合理的收入差距影響著人民的生活水平,如不加以控制,必定擾亂社會的穩(wěn)定。加強對行業(yè)收入差距的研究,可以促進黑龍江省經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)增長,進而使社會穩(wěn)定和諧發(fā)展,因此具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文首先根據(jù)《中國統(tǒng)計年鑒》中給出的19個行業(yè)門類平均工資等相關數(shù)據(jù),分別介紹了黑龍江省各行業(yè)的基本概況;借助于數(shù)據(jù)與圖表,剖析黑龍江省各行業(yè)收入差距的基本現(xiàn)狀,找到其中存在的問題;然后結(jié)合改革開放后的實情,從歷史、人力資本差異、壟斷、市場機制、對外開放程度等其他原因分析黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距產(chǎn)生的成因。其次,通過計算基尼系數(shù)和泰爾指數(shù),從整體上把握黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距有多大;然后分別對黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距的基尼系數(shù)和泰爾指數(shù)與全國的基尼系數(shù)和泰爾指數(shù)進行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)黑龍江的行業(yè)收入差距日益擴大。接著,為了分析是什么因素造成差距日益擴大,對黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距進行了主因素分析。采用主成分分析法構(gòu)建了黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距主因素分析指標體系,并從結(jié)果中分析導致黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距擴大的主要影響因素。最后,總結(jié)前面對黑龍江省不同行業(yè)間收入差距的實證分析與研究,對存在的問題提出了有針對性的對策建議,旨在逐步合理縮小黑龍江省不同行業(yè)收入差距。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the standard of living of the people has gradually risen, and the economic development and social construction of Heilongjiang Province have made remarkable achievements. But with the rapid development of the economy, However, the income gap between different industries continues to widen. The income gap between different industries in Heilongjiang Province is gradually expanding both in absolute terms and in relative numbers. Excessive industry income gap will promote polarization. This is not conducive to social stability. Some basic industries, due to low wages and income, cause most of the people to flow to high-income industries, and the brain drain is relatively serious, leading to a gradual weakening of the ability of the basic industries to absorb the labor force. In serious cases, These basic industries may be eliminated by society, thus changing the pattern of the national economy and making economic development uncoordinated; in addition, low-income groups have lower purchasing power and less demand for social consumption. It is difficult to meet the needs of social development. This unreasonable income gap affects the standard of living of the people. If it is not controlled, it will certainly disturb the stability of society. It can promote the steady economic growth of Heilongjiang Province and make the society develop steadily and harmoniously, so it has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper introduces the basic situation of various industries in Heilongjiang Province, analyzes the basic situation of income gap in Heilongjiang Province by means of data and charts, finds out the existing problems, and then combines the facts after reform and opening up, from the historical perspective. The differences in human capital, monopoly, market mechanism, degree of opening to the outside world and other reasons are analyzed to analyze the causes of income gap in different industries in Heilongjiang Province. Secondly, through the calculation of Gini coefficient and Thiel index, From the overall understanding of the income gap between different industries in Heilongjiang Province, the author compares the Gini coefficient and the Thiel index of the income gap between different industries in Heilongjiang Province with the national Gini coefficient and the Thiel Index. Found that the industry income gap in Heilongjiang is widening day by day. Then, in order to analyze what causes the gap to widen day by day, This paper analyzes the main factors of income gap in different industries in Heilongjiang Province, and constructs the index system of principal factor analysis of income gap in different industries in Heilongjiang Province by principal component analysis. Finally, it summarizes the empirical analysis and research on the income gap between different industries in Heilongjiang Province. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in order to reduce the income gap of different industries in Heilongjiang Province.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124.7

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