本文關(guān)鍵詞： 俄羅斯 金融危機(jī) 比較研究　出處：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1945之后,美國(guó)逐漸代替英國(guó)而成為新一代的世界強(qiáng)國(guó)。在二戰(zhàn)中美國(guó)得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢(shì)使他受到的損壞最少,因而成為許多國(guó)家的債權(quán)國(guó),戰(zhàn)中,許多的西方國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈都要依靠美國(guó)而生存發(fā)展。美國(guó)對(duì)各國(guó)的影響逐漸擴(kuò)大。在這種基礎(chǔ)上,美國(guó)逐漸在全世界范圍內(nèi)開始建立起世界霸權(quán),美元開始逐漸取代英鎊而成為世界貨幣,具有舉足輕重的作用。隨著全球化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展,世界各國(guó)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系日益密切,已然開始發(fā)展成為"牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身"的經(jīng)濟(jì)格局。越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家已經(jīng)無(wú)法置身事外的進(jìn)行發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),必須要時(shí)刻關(guān)注以美國(guó)為首的西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)變。而經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)古已有之。就近的說(shuō),美國(guó)在20世紀(jì)三十年代就發(fā)生過(guò)一次影響較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),后來(lái)美國(guó)仍然要面對(duì)多次的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。由此可見,其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家也不可避免的要應(yīng)對(duì)看似突如其來(lái),其實(shí)有著諸多因素作用的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。在所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中,金融危機(jī)的影響力和波及范圍是最大的,也是對(duì)緊密聯(lián)系的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)造成最大影響的。因此,認(rèn)識(shí)和研究金融危機(jī)對(duì)每個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全和健康發(fā)展都是具有十分重要的意義。除美國(guó)之外,俄羅斯作為二戰(zhàn)期間與美國(guó)齊頭并進(jìn)的大國(guó),是與美國(guó)能夠相抗衡的一個(gè)重要力量,也是美國(guó)政府一直重視的國(guó)家。但是由于俄羅斯的意識(shí)形態(tài)與美國(guó)相對(duì),因而一直受到美國(guó)的遏制和防范。但是俄羅斯的發(fā)展卻也突破種種束縛而得到快速的發(fā)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),近年來(lái)俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng),在經(jīng)濟(jì)總量上已經(jīng)成為位列世界第七的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。俄羅斯擁有巨額的黃金外匯儲(chǔ)備,并在2008年全球金融危機(jī)前躍居外匯儲(chǔ)備的世界第三位。表面上看起來(lái),俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)似乎一路高歌猛進(jìn),利好勢(shì)頭令人看好,但是在這告訴發(fā)展的背后卻隱藏著令人擔(dān)憂的危機(jī),就是在經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)的背后卻以石油和外債作為發(fā)展基石。而這兩樣卻都極容易受外界環(huán)境的影響,一旦外界環(huán)境發(fā)生動(dòng)蕩,那么俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將會(huì)遭到前所未有的重創(chuàng),甚至?xí)l(fā)生嚴(yán)重的倒退。俄羅斯自從90年代經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌以來(lái),逐漸從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的體制走向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的體制,在具體的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌中,俄羅斯政府對(duì)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行了改造,使之成為私有化,同時(shí)在經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制上也建立起市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的制度框架,由此成為了具有西方經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)的國(guó)家。但是從歷史的發(fā)展來(lái)看,俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌并不是很順利,一路上遭到不少的挫折,在轉(zhuǎn)軌初期就因?yàn)閲?guó)內(nèi)的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的多種危機(jī)而受中創(chuàng),再加上這二十多年來(lái),一共遭遇了三次大的金融危機(jī),分別是:1998年,2008年,2014年。這三次的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)都給俄羅斯造成相當(dāng)大的影響,使得俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)遭到中創(chuàng),造成了惡性通貨膨脹、物價(jià)飛漲、社會(huì)動(dòng)亂等各種社會(huì)亂象,俄羅斯全國(guó)上下始終為經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)所困擾,以至于其影響今天都還沒消退。而導(dǎo)致這三次金融危機(jī)發(fā)生的原因卻是各異,但是其中最為關(guān)鍵性的原因便是,俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱和財(cái)政來(lái)源是建基在石油的基礎(chǔ)上,因此,石油的下跌始終伴隨著這三次的金融危機(jī)之中。后來(lái),在普京上臺(tái)之后,普京通過(guò)實(shí)行"強(qiáng)人政治",以"亂世用重典"的方式對(duì)俄羅斯的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)進(jìn)行了大幅度和深入的改革和整頓,并取得了巨大的成就。不僅政治上建立起一套強(qiáng)勢(shì)的政府體系,并整肅地方,為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)安定有序的政治環(huán)境,經(jīng)濟(jì)上,則建立起一個(gè)有序的金融體系,有效解決了此前的經(jīng)濟(jì)亂象,為俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展奠定了好的基礎(chǔ),也增強(qiáng)了俄羅斯應(yīng)對(duì)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力。雖然俄羅斯幾次以來(lái)屢遭金融危機(jī)的動(dòng)蕩影響,但是仍然沒有失去其世界性的影響力。因此對(duì)這三次金融危機(jī)的發(fā)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景、原因和應(yīng)對(duì)措施不僅有助于我們加深對(duì)俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的特點(diǎn)和路徑了解,還可以增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)危機(jī)的預(yù)警和應(yīng)對(duì)能力。所謂"預(yù)則立不預(yù)則廢",闡述的就是這個(gè)道理。本文從俄羅斯90年代經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌以來(lái)的金融危機(jī)作為分析對(duì)象,對(duì)其背景,原因和影響進(jìn)行剖析,以期望能夠?qū)Χ砹_斯未來(lái)在應(yīng)對(duì)這種危機(jī)時(shí)能夠有所參考和助益,同時(shí)也可以俄羅斯為一面鏡子,為中國(guó)對(duì)金融危機(jī)的認(rèn)識(shí)增補(bǔ)些有益的認(rèn)識(shí)。
[Abstract]:After 1945, the United States gradually replaced Britain as a new generation of world power. The United States in World War II richly endowed by nature with the advantages of his damage at least, so many countries become creditor in the war, many western countries have to rely on the United States and the economic lifeline of survival and development. The impact on countries gradually expand. On this basis, the United States gradually began to build a world hegemony in the world, the dollar began to gradually replace the pounds and become a world currency, plays an important role. With the development of globalization, the economic contact between the increasingly close, has begun to become the "domino" economic pattern more and more countries have been unable to stay out of the way of economic development, we must always pay attention to the US led western developed countries to adjust and change of economic policy. The economic crisis has existed since ancient times. Nearby said, the United States in twentieth Century and 30s had a greater impact of the economic crisis, and later the United States still face many economic crisis. Thus, other developed countries and developing countries also have to deal with the seemingly sudden, in fact there are many factors in all economic economic crisis. In the crisis, the financial crisis and the influence scope is the largest, but also caused the greatest impact on the world economy closely. Therefore, understanding and study of the financial crisis on each country's economic security and healthy development is of great significance. In addition to the United States, Russia and the United States during World War II as in the country. Is an important force to compete with the United States, the United States government has always attached great importance to the country. But due to Russia's consciousness The morphology and relative, and thus has been containment and prevention of the United States. But Russia's development but also a breakthrough of constraints and get rapid development. According to statistics, in recent years, Russia's rapid economic growth in the total economy has become the economy ranked seventh in the world. Russia's Ross has a huge gold reserves in foreign exchange the reserves in 2008 before the global financial crisis of third in the world. It seems that the Russian economy seems to be a good momentum is good, stride forward singing militant songs, but in this tell development is hidden behind the worries of the crisis is behind the rapid economic growth in oil and foreign debt as the cornerstone of the development of the two. Like are easily affected by the external environment, once the external environment turbulence, it will be Russia's economic development has been hitherto unknown hit, even will be issued Serious setback. Since 90s the Russian economy, gradually from the planned economy system to market economy system, in the economic transition, the Russian government reform of the state-owned economy, making privatization, and in economic management system is to establish a system framework of market economy, which has become the with western economic pattern of the country. But from the point of view of history development, the economic transition in Russia is not very smooth, suffered many setbacks along the way, in the early transitional period because of domestic political and economic aspects of the crisis in a variety of subject, plus more than 20 years, suffered a total of three big the financial crisis, are: 1998, 2008, 2014. The three economic crisis have caused considerable influence to Russia, the Russian economy continue to be hit, resulting in malignant. Inflation, soaring prices, social unrest and other social chaos, Russia across the country is always plagued by economic fluctuations, so that its influence today have not subsided. Due to the three financial crisis the reason is different, but the key is that Russia's economic pillar and source of finance is based in oil on the basis of the result, the oil drop is always accompanied by the three financial crisis. Later, after Putin came to power, Putin through the implementation of "strongman politics", "economic times prepared the way for Russia's political, social, made extensive and in-depth reform and rectification, and achieved great success. Not only in politics to establish a strong government system, and the purge place, to create a stable and orderly political environment for economic development, the economy, then establish an orderly The financial system, effectively solve the previous economic chaos, laying a good foundation for the healthy development of the Russian economy, but also enhances the ability of the new economic risk. Although the turmoil in Russia is to influence Russia several times repeated since the financial crisis, but still has not lost its influence in the world. So for the three time the financial crisis of the economic background, reasons and measures not only help deepen our understanding of Russian economic transition characteristics and paths, we can also enhance the crisis of the early warning and response capabilities. The so-called "pre Li nopreparation", this is the truth. As the analysis objects in this paper from the financial crisis in Russia since 90s on the background of economic transition, and analyzes the reason and influence to Russia's future in response to the crisis can be reference and help, at the same time It can also be a mirror for Russia to add some useful understanding of China's understanding of the financial crisis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F831.59

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 秦曉;從結(jié)構(gòu)和制度看亞洲金融危機(jī)和危機(jī)之后的復(fù)蘇[J];中國(guó)投資;2000年06期

2 石康;慕海平;;韓國(guó)緣何在短期內(nèi)走出金融危機(jī)的困境[J];金融信息參考;2000年09期

3 崔偉;亞洲金融危機(jī)后韓國(guó)政府的主要對(duì)策、措施及對(duì)我們的啟示[J];國(guó)際技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2001年01期

4 周明偉;試析金融危機(jī)對(duì)臺(tái)商在東南亞投資經(jīng)營(yíng)之影響[J];廈門特區(qū)黨校學(xué)報(bào);2001年03期

5 韓正忠;;韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)是怎樣較快擺脫金融危機(jī)的[J];中外企業(yè)家;2001年08期

6 思泓;韓國(guó)失業(yè)率降至金融危機(jī)前的水平[J];當(dāng)代韓國(guó);2002年02期

7 徐滇慶;;金融危機(jī)管理(之四) 當(dāng)金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)后——對(duì)危機(jī)的判斷、管理和指揮機(jī)構(gòu)[J];新經(jīng)濟(jì)雜志;2003年07期

8 S.南比亞爾;馬來(lái)西亞如何應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)[J];國(guó)外社會(huì)科學(xué);2004年06期

9 陳彩虹;;亞洲金融危機(jī)十年祭[J];書屋;2007年12期

10 曹金鳳;冷洛;;比較分析亞洲金融危機(jī)與美國(guó)金融危機(jī)對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響及啟示[J];云南財(cái)貿(mào)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年05期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 鄒麗萍;;解析科學(xué)發(fā)展觀理論視域下的當(dāng)前金融危機(jī)[A];建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化強(qiáng)�。禾魬�(zhàn)·機(jī)遇·對(duì)策——山東省社會(huì)科學(xué)界2009年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)文集（1）[C];2009年

2 邵帥;;落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀是應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)的根本之策[A];建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化強(qiáng)�。禾魬�(zhàn)·機(jī)遇·對(duì)策——山東省社會(huì)科學(xué)界2009年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)文集（1）[C];2009年

3 楊洪余;;以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo) 全力應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)[A];建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化強(qiáng)�。禾魬�(zhàn)·機(jī)遇·對(duì)策——山東省社會(huì)科學(xué)界2009年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)文集（1）[C];2009年

4 李錦紅;郭鐵英;;金融危機(jī)對(duì)云南咖啡產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響及對(duì)策[A];云南省熱帶作物學(xué)會(huì)第七次代表大會(huì)暨2009年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)會(huì)議材料[C];2009年

5 郭德琳;;黑西哥金融危機(jī)的幾點(diǎn)教訓(xùn)[A];國(guó)際交流學(xué)院科研論文集（第三期）[C];1996年

6 曹亞雄;;金融危機(jī)與西方馬克思主義者的當(dāng)代反思[A];“中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義與當(dāng)代世界社會(huì)主義”學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)暨當(dāng)代世界社會(huì)主義專業(yè)委員會(huì)2009年年會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

7 顧鈺民;;用馬克思主義理論科學(xué)闡釋金融危機(jī)[A];上海市經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)年刊(2009)[C];2009年

8 李景元;;堅(jiān)定信念 鼓足底氣 戰(zhàn)勝金融危機(jī)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響[A];2009中國(guó)·廊坊基于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的京津廊一體化研究——廊坊市域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與京津廊經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集[C];2009年

9 回寅;張慧;;金融危機(jī)背景下我國(guó)體育健身業(yè)現(xiàn)狀分析[A];全民健身科學(xué)大會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2009年

10 賈斌昌;魏欣欣;;公共組織在金融危機(jī)中的作用與啟示[A];建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化強(qiáng)�。禾魬�(zhàn)·機(jī)遇·對(duì)策——山東省社會(huì)科學(xué)界2009年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)文集（1）[C];2009年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 記者 嚴(yán)冰;2008年林業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)投入超百億[N];人民日?qǐng)?bào)海外版;2008年

2 賈海濤;“新懷商”經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇論金融危機(jī)[N];焦作日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

3 記者 李娜;熱議應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)全國(guó)社科專家聚鄭[N];鄭州日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

4 孫定;金融危機(jī)改變了什么？[N];計(jì)算機(jī)世界;2009年

5 記者 尚栩;法國(guó)人認(rèn)為媒體過(guò)多聚焦金融危機(jī)[N];新華每日電訊;2008年

6 駐俄羅斯使館經(jīng)商處;俄外債額再破5000億美元[N];國(guó)際商報(bào);2011年

7 ;中國(guó)需要“金融危機(jī)應(yīng)急法”[N];財(cái)經(jīng)時(shí)報(bào);2004年

8 作者　喬治·帕克(George　Parker);歐盟達(dá)成金融危機(jī)應(yīng)急方案[N];國(guó)際金融報(bào);2005年

9 湯敏;建立開放式的反金融危機(jī)機(jī)制[N];河北經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào);2003年

10 本報(bào)駐布宜諾斯艾利斯記者 沈安;阿根廷金融危機(jī)的啟示[N];經(jīng)濟(jì)參考報(bào);2002年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 吳奇志;經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化下金融危機(jī)的治理研究[D];上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué);2010年

2 錢明輝;金融危機(jī)空間傳導(dǎo)及預(yù)警研究[D];華僑大學(xué);2015年

3 羅克兵;金融危機(jī)傳染檢驗(yàn)方法研究[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2016年

4 朱曼玲;基于空間屬性的金融危機(jī)傳染研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

5 王慶皓;金融危機(jī)中的政府“救市”：理論與實(shí)證分析[D];江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年

6 解鳳敏;經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化下中國(guó)金融危機(jī)壓力預(yù)警研究[D];中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

7 李U，

本文編號(hào)：1459673