【摘要】：現(xiàn)代建筑的設計隨著科技的發(fā)展愈加復雜化與大型化,而建筑火災的發(fā)生往往具有突發(fā)性,由于缺乏有效的疏散指引以及疏散人員的恐慌心理導致疏散效率低下,因此如何對處在建筑火災中的人員進行合理高效的疏散也成為了研究重點。由于傳統(tǒng)的疏散方案僅以路徑最短或者時間最短這種單一目標對疏散人員的路徑進行規(guī)劃,而在實際建筑火災人員疏散過程中,單一目標由于其局限性往往不能反映出實際應急疏散。為了保證安全且快速的疏散,需要對疏散人員所選擇的路徑上的多個目標進行決策。本文以全體疏散人員疏散時間、擁堵度,風險作為路徑決策的三個目標,構建出相應的多目標應急疏散模型,并以建筑的數(shù)據模型為基礎,添加相應的路徑參數(shù)構建動態(tài)路徑模型。由于基本粒子群算法對解決實際多目標問題效果不是很好,將粒子群算法中適應度函數(shù)進行修改;粒子的位置和速度公式進行修正以及使用線性慣性權值等方式優(yōu)化。將改進后的多目標粒子群算法為每個疏散人員的火條動態(tài)路徑進行決策,同時對三個目標進行優(yōu)化,從疏散人員整體考慮,為疏散人員個體提供適合的疏散路徑。本文通過對盛京銀行虛擬逃生指示系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn),將改進的多目標粒子群算法應用于三維的逃生指示系統(tǒng)中的疏散路徑智能優(yōu)化模塊,同時優(yōu)化三個目標對疏散人員的路徑進行分析決策,將決策后的路徑以三維可視化的方式顯示在終端,為決策人員以及疏散人員在火災發(fā)生時提供一個合理的疏散方案。
[Abstract]:The design of modern architecture is more complicated and larger with the development of science and technology, and the occurrence of building fire is often bursty. Therefore, how to reasonably and efficiently evacuate the personnel in the building fire has also become the focus of the research. Because the traditional evacuation plan is only the shortest path or the shortest time, the path of the scattered personnel is planned, and in the course of the evacuation of the actual building fire, the single goal cannot reflect the actual emergency evacuation because of its limitation. In order to ensure a safe and rapid evacuation, it is necessary to make a decision on a plurality of objects on the path selected by the evacuee. The corresponding multi-objective emergency evacuation model is constructed based on the data model of the building and the corresponding path parameters are added to construct the dynamic path model based on the data model of the building. Because the basic particle swarm optimization is not good for solving the actual multi-objective problem, the fitness function in the particle swarm optimization is modified, the position and velocity formula of the particles are modified, and the linear inertia weight is used to optimize the particle swarm optimization. The improved multi-target particle swarm algorithm is used to make a decision for the dynamic path of the fire bar of each of the evacuees, and the three objectives are optimized, and the suitable evacuation route is provided for the individual of the evacuees. In this paper, through the design and implementation of the virtual escape instruction system of Shengjing Bank, the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to the intelligent optimization module of the evacuation route in the three-dimensional escape instruction system, and the path of the three targets is optimized for analysis and decision. The decision-making path is displayed on the terminal in a three-dimensional visual way, and a reasonable evacuation plan is provided for the decision-maker and the dispersion personnel in the event of a fire.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU998.1;TP18;TP311.52

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